Science Chapter 3 And 4

Front 1

what is behavior?

Back 1

the way and animal (organism) reacts to changes within its internal and external enviroment

performed when an animal reacts to a stimulus

Front 2

what is a stimulus?

Back 2

something on the inside or outside of an animal that causes it to respond to its enviroment

Front 3

what are some types of stimuli?

Back 3

temperature, light, odor, sound, taste, etc.

Front 4

what is a response?

Back 4

a single, specific reaction to a stimulus

Front 5

what are some examples of a response?

Back 5

fight or flight response

Front 6

what happens during a response?

Back 6

when an animal responds, body systems interact to produce the resultant behavior

Front 7

(just a fact about behavior and enviroment/genes)

Back 7

expiriments show that both genes and enviroment affect behavior

Front 8

what is innate behavior?

Back 8

behavior that's genetically prgramed; instinct

Front 9

what are some characteristics of innate behavior?

Back 9

innate behavior is performed without prior experience, fully functional
adaptable
(cross breeding produces hybrid behavior)

Front 10

What are some tyoes of innate behavior?

Back 10

fixed action behavior, kinesis, taxis, and refflex

Front 11

What is fixed action behavior?

Back 11

innate behavior that shows no no variation; species

Front 12

what is kinesis?

Back 12

change the speed of random movement in response to enviromental stimulus

Front 13

What is Taxis?

Back 13

a directed movement toward or away from a stimulus (positive or negative)

Front 14

What is reflex?

Back 14

movement of a body part in response to a stimulus

Front 15

What is learning?

Back 15

the development of behavior through experience

Front 16

what is habituation?

Back 16

decline in response to a harmless, repetitive stimulus that neither harms nor rewards the animal

Front 17

how can habituation be beneficial to and animal?

Back 17

it allows the animal to spend its time and energy more efficiently, meaning an animlas nervous system can be focused on more important things such as food, prey, etc..

Front 18

what is classical conditioning?

Back 18

learning by association

an animal will make a mental connection between a stimulus and some reward or punishment

Front 19

what is an example of fixed action behavior?

Back 19

a goose trying to get its egg back in the nest

if the egg falls out, the goose will take its beak and push it back in the nest
an experiment was tried, if the egg was taken out of the nest and the goose reached for it and someone kicks the egg away, it will finish the movement and then realize that the egg isn't there because it is a natural instinct to make that movement

Front 20

what is an example of reflex?

Back 20

if an animal is poked, it will jump away from the poke

Front 21

What is agonistic behavior?

Back 21

a response that uses threatening or submissive behavior to gain control over another animal in the same species

Front 22

what is an example of atagonistic behavior?

Back 22

bubbles and chloe are both given tuna. bubbles growls and slaps chloe, causing her to go and wait in the corner, while bubbles eats both bowls of tuna.

Front 23

What are some tyoes of innate behavior?

Back 23

fixed action behavior, kinesis, taxis, and refflex

Front 24

What is fixed action behavior?

Back 24

innate behavior that shows no no variation; species

Front 25

what is kinesis?

Back 25

change the speed of random movement in response to enviromental stimulus

Front 26

What is Taxis?

Back 26

a directed movement toward or away from a stimulus (positive or negative)

Front 27

What is reflex?

Back 27

movement of a body part in response to a stimulus

Front 28

What is learning?

Back 28

the development of behavior through experience

Front 29

what is habituation?

Back 29

decline in response to a harmless, repetitive stimulus that neither harms nor rewards the animal

Front 30

how can habituation be beneficial to and animal?

Back 30

it allows the animal to spend its time and energy more efficiently, meaning an animlas nervous system can be focused on more important things such as food, prey, etc..

Front 31

what is classical conditioning?

Back 31

learning by association

an animal will make a mental connection between a stimulus and some reward or punishment

Front 32

what is an example of fixed action behavior?

Back 32

a goose trying to get its egg back in the nest

if the egg falls out, the goose will take its beak and push it back in the nest
an experiment was tried, if the egg was taken out of the nest and the goose reached for it and someone kicks the egg away, it will finish the movement and then realize that the egg isn't there because it is a natural instinct to make that movement

Front 33

what is an example of reflex?

Back 33

if an animal is poked, it will jump away from the poke

Front 34

What is agonistic behavior?

Back 34

a response that uses threatening or submissive behavior to gain control over another animal in the same species

Front 35

what is an example of atagonistic behavior?

Back 35

bubbles and chloe are both given tuna. bubbles growls and slaps chloe, causing her to go and wait in the corner, while bubbles eats both bowls of tuna.

Front 36

What is an example of classical conditioning?

Back 36

Whenever bubbles is given tuna, she hears the sound of the can opening. Now, whenever she hears a can being opened, she thinks she is getting tuna.

Front 37

What is an example of habituation?

Back 37

bump volleyball, creaking stair, or the ticking of a clock

Front 38

do both genes and enviroment affect behavior? and why or why not?

Back 38

yes, as proteins and ultimately genes influence how humans respond to their enviroment, enviromental factures can also trigger regulatory elements for genes

Front 39

What is operent conditioning?

Back 39

(trial and error) when an animal learns through repeated practice to perform behavior to recieve award or avoid punishment

Front 40

What is an example of operent conditioning?

Back 40

Chloe tries to make a friendly aquaintence with bubbles, but when she tries to play with her, bubbles slaps her, so she leanrs to avoid her next time.

skinner box too

Front 41

What is insight learning?

Back 41

(reasoning) when an animal applies something it has already learned to a nen situation, without a period of trial and error

Front 42

What is an example of insight learning?

Back 42

Chloe now knows to avoid other cats, incase she gets slapped again.

Front 43

What is imprinting?

Back 43

a strong association learned during a specific developmental period. "the critical learning period"

an innate behavior that can't be changed and keeps animals close to their mothers

can occur through scent and sight

Front 44

what are the 6 social behaviors?

Back 44

parental behavior
courtship behavior
defensive behavior
forgaging behavior
migratory behavior
territory behavior

Front 45

what do genes do?

Back 45

code for protein, these proteins enabel humans to respond to triggers and signals in their enviroment.

Front 46

give an example of the 6 social behaviors:

Back 46

parental- birds feed worms to their babies
courtshp- frogs croak to attract a mate
defensive- hognose snake will play dead
forgaging- raccoon will search streams and ponds for rodents
migratory- birds fly south for winter
territory- crabs in their shell

Front 47

What are behavior cycles?

Back 47

many animals respond to periodic changes in the enviroment with daily or seasonal cycles of behavior

Front 48

what is an example of behavior cycles?

Back 48

migration, mating, etc..

Front 49

What are circadian rhythms?

Back 49

behavior cycles that occur in daily patterns

ex: flying squirrels

Front 50

what is courtship?

Back 50

and individual sends out stimuli (chemicals, sounds, odors, visual displays) to attract a member of the opposite sex

Front 51

what does courtship do?

Back 51

it allows animals to identify a healthy mate in order to pass along their genes to the next generation

Front 52

What are rituals?

Back 52

series of behaviors performed by all members of population for the purpose of communicating

consists of specific signals and individual responses continue until mating occurs

Front 53

What is social behavior?

Back 53

occurs when animals interact with members of their own species that work together for the benefit of the group

some mammals and ants form societies

Front 54

what are societies?

Back 54

groups of closely related animals of the same species that work together for the benefit of the group (members are usually related to eachother)

Front 55

what are chemical signals?

Back 55

they are found in animals with a keen sense of smell

Front 56

What are Pheromones?

Back 56

chemical signals that affect the behavior of other individuals of the species to mark a territory or to signal readiness to mate

Front 57

what are visual and sound signals?

Back 57

light, movement, color
sound signals are found in animals with strong vocal abilities

Front 58

What is language?

Back 58

a system of communication that combines sounds, symbols, or gestures according to a set of rules about word order or meaning