Science Biodiversity

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Biological Diversity

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Biodiversity is the degree of variation of life forms within a given ecosystem, biome, or on an entire planet.

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Species

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Containing individuals agreeing in some common attributes and called by a common name

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Speciation

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The formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution

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Structural/Behavioural Adaptation

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Physical features on the organism to help it to adapt e.g. Fur on bear/ Behavioural adaptations are the things organisms do to adpt and survive behaviourally e.g. bird calls/migration

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Diversity Index

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A diversity index is a statistic which is intended to measure the differences among members of a set consisting of various types of objects.

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Environment

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The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates

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Competition

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Interaction between organisms, populations, or species, in which birth, growth and death depend on gaining a share of a limited environmental resource

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Broad/Narrow Niche

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Organisms that live in a broad niche are generalists because they easily adapt to anything/Narrow niches don't change much they support many different species but have an extremely low population

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Generalist/Specialist

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Those adapted to a wide range of environmental circumstances and food sources/The opposite goes for a specialist animal, they consume few foods, and do not adapt to many environments

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Specialization

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The structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function; "cell differentiation in the developing embryo"

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Symbiotic

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Interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both

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Heritable

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Able to be inherited, in particular

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Reproduction

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The process of generating offspring

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Asexual Reproduction

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Reproduction without the fusion of gametes

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Binary Fission

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Splitting (In context splitting cell(s))

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Spores

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A typically one-celled, reproductive unit capable of giving rise to a new individual without sexual fusion, characteristic of lower plants, fungi, and protozoans

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Zoospores

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A spore of certain algae, fungi, and protozoans, capable of swimming by means of a flagellum

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Meristem

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A region of plant tissue, found chiefly at the growing tips of roots and shoots and in the cambium, consisting of actively dividing cells forming new tissue

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Clone

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A group of organisms or cells produced asexually from one ancestor or stock, to which they are genetically identical

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Zygospores

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The thick-walled resting cell of certain fungi and algae, arising from the fusion of two similar gametes

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Bacterial Conjugation

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Bacterial conjugation is the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells by direct cell-to-cell contact or by a bridge-like connection between two cells.

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Zygote

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Fusion of Gametes

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Pistil

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The female organs of a flower, comprising the stigma, style, and ovary

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Stamen

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The male fertilizing organ of a flower, typically consisting of a pollen-containing anther and a filament

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Ovule

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The part of the ovary of seed plants that contains the female germ cell and after fertilization becomes the seed

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Pollen Tube

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A hollow tube that develops from a pollen grain when deposited on the stigma of a flower. It penetrates the style and conveys the male gametes to the ovule (female reproductive parts)

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Embryo

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An unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development

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Cotyledon

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An embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants, one or more of which are the first leaves to appear from a germinating seed

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Genetics

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The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. Father of Genetics; Gregor Mendal

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Continuous Variation

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Variation of a characteristic in a population that is controlled by a number of genes, so multifactorial inheritance is shown.

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Discrete Variation

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Variations between individuals of a population in a character or trait in which the differences are marked and do not occur as a continuous gradient.

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Dominant/Recessive

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An allele that produces the same phenotype whether its paired allele is identical or different

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Mutation

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The changing of the structure of a gene, resulting in a variant form that may be transmitted to subsequent generations, caused by the alteration of single base units in DNA, or the deletion, insertion, or rearrangement of larger sections of genes or chromosomes

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Mutagen

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Any agent (physical or environmental) that can induce a genetic mutation or can increase the rate of mutation

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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

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Found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; associated with the transmission of genetic information; "DNA is the king of molecules"

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Chromosome

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A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. Humans have 23 pairs of chorosomes if the 23rd pair is Xy the offspring gender will be male and if the 23rd pair is XX the offspring gender will be female XXY, XYX, XXX are all mutated groups of chromosomes

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Somatic cells

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Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells

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Genetic Engineering

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The deliberate modification of the characteristics of an organism by manipulating its genetic material

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Biotechnologies

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A field of applied biology that involves the use of living organisms in engineering, technology and medicine

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Transgenic

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Of, relating to, or denoting an organism that contains genetic material into which DNA from an unrelated organism has been artificially introduced

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Aquaculture

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The rearing of aquatic animals or the cultivation of aquatic plants for food

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Domestic

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Of or relating to the home; "domestic servant"; "domestic science"

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Artificial/Natural Selection

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Artificial selection (or selective breeding) describes intentional breeding for certain traits, or combination of traits/The process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring. The theory of its action was first fully expounded by Charles Darwin and is now believed to be the main process that brings about evolution

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Selective Breeding

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Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants and animals for particular genetic traits

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Extirpation

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To destroy or eliminate a species (plant or animal) from an entire area within its range, but not from the entire planet.

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Bioindicator Species

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An organism whose status in an ecosystem is analyzed as an indication of the ecosystem's heath

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Global Treaties

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Conservation of biological species and treaties to protect organisms

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Protected Areas

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Protected areas to preserve species diversity