Earth Science

Front 1

cleavage –

Back 1

splitting of a mineral along smooth, flat surfaces

Front 2

crystal –

Back 2

natural solid substances that has a definite internal pattern

Front 3

density –

Back 3

ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume, expressed as g/cm3

Front 4

double refraction –

Back 4

property exhibited by transparent minerals that produce a double image of any object viewed through them

Front 5

fluorescence –

Back 5

ability to glow under ultraviolet light

Front 6

hardness –

Back 6

measure of the ability of a mineral to resist scratching

Front 7

inorganic -

Back 7

not made up of living organisms or the remains of living organisms

Front 8

luster -

Back 8

light reflected from the surface of a mineral

Front 9

mineral -

Back 9

natural inorganic, crystalline solid found in the earth’s crust

Front 10

mineralogist –

Back 10

scientist who specializes in the study of minerals

Front 11

Mohs hardness scale –

Back 11

standard against which the hardness of a mineral is tested

Front 12

nonsilicate mineral –

Back 12

mineral that does not contain silicon

Front 13

phosphorescence –

Back 13

ability to glow during and after exposure to ultraviolet light

Front 14

refraction –

Back 14

bending of a light ray as it passes from one substance to another; bending of a wave as it reaches shallow water

Front 15

rock-forming mineral –

Back 15

any common mineral that forms the rocks of the earth’s crust

Front 16

silicate mineral –

Back 16

mineral that contains atoms of silicon and oxygen

Front 17

silicon-oxygen tetrahedron –

Back 17

four oxygen atoms arranged in a pyramid with one silicon atom in the center

Front 18

streak –

Back 18

color of a mineral in powder form