Science

Front 1

Redshift Degree

Back 1

The farther the galaxy, the redder

Front 2

Steady State Theory

Back 2

Hoyle, Bondi, Gold

Expansion balanxed by spontaneous production of bubbles of matter-anti-matter

Front 3

Nucleosynthesis

Back 3

Accounts for abundances of all elements

Front 4

QUASAR

Back 4

Schmidt

Light that produces more energy than a cluster of ten million stars

Front 5

Cosmic Microwave Background Radiatio

Back 5

Should be in thermal equilibrium (as the big bang predicted)

Front 6

Cosmological Constant

Back 6

Scalar field prevents expanding/contracting

Smooth homogenous universe

Front 7

Oscillating Universe

Back 7

Universe is an evolutionary process

Expansion will stop bc of gravity

Front 8

Cosmic Inflation Theory

Back 8

Rapid expansion of space and time >> no matter or radiation

PE to KE

Front 9

Paralax of the Stars

Back 9

The farther the star, the smaller the paralax angle

Front 10

Alpha Centauri

Back 10

Nearest star

Front 11

How many miles is 1 light years?

Back 11

6 million

Front 12

Nebular Hypothesis

Back 12

Gaseous clouds, nebulae, slowly rotate to form stars and planets

Front 13

Planetisimal and Tidal Theories

Back 13

Passing star caused gravitational pull to raise tides on the sun

Front 14

Companion Star

Back 14

Fred Hoyle

Star exploded, materials held by sun's gravitation

Front 15

Schmidt-Lyttleton Accretion Theory

Back 15

Dualistic Theory

Sun passed thru huge cloud of gas

Front 16

Protoplanet Theory

Back 16

McCrea, Monistic Theory

Cloud of dust in a state of hypersonic turbulence

Front 17

Capture Theory

Back 17

Interaction between a condensed solar mass star and protostar of lesser mass

Front 18

Roche Limit

Back 18

U disintegrate when u reach this limit

Front 19

Cepheid Variable

Back 19

Pulsating star

Front 20

Earth is shaped by what?

Back 20

Gravity and rotation

Front 21

Angular Momentum

Back 21

Constant rotational force on an axis

Front 22

What is the study of earth's shape, satellites and improving Global Positioning Satellites?

Back 22

Geodesy

Front 23

What belt protects the earth

Back 23

Rhymes with barry allen

Front 24

What are the four conditions for life?

Back 24

1) Stable Temp

2) Water

3) Gases

4) Atmosphere

Front 25

Greenhouse effect

Back 25

Allows heat in the atmosphwre to be radiated back to earth

Front 26

Allbedo Effect

Back 26

Heat being reflected back into space

Front 27

What are the Four Spheres

Back 27

1) Geosphere

2) Hydrosphere

3) Atmosphere

4) Biosphere

Front 28

4 componente in the Earth System

Back 28

1) Solid Earth

2) Water

3) Gas

4) Biodata

Front 29

Name the seismic waves and what they travel thru

Back 29

P waves; fast; solids and liquids

S waves; slower; solid

Front 30

Crust

Back 30

Thinnest, 5-70 km

Front 31

Mohorovicic Discontinuity

Back 31

Andrija

Transitional boundary

Front 32

Mantle

Back 32

Thickest (84%)

Flows like asphalt

Front 33

Asthenosphere

Back 33

Extreme temp and pressure; ductile rocks

Front 34

Xenolith

Back 34

Piece of rock within igneous rock

Front 35

Gutenburg Discontinuity- Beno

Back 35

-boundary, not constant

Front 36

What is the core made of and is also the source of Earth's magnetic field?

Back 36

Iron and nickel (just iron as the source of earths magnetic field tho)

Front 37

Lehman Discontinuity

Back 37

Transitional Boundary

Front 38

Sublimation

Back 38

Solid to gas

Front 39

Evaporation

Back 39

Water to gas

Front 40

Condensation

Back 40

Gas to liquid

Front 41

Precipitation

Back 41

Product of condensation that falls under gravity

Front 42

Troposphere

Back 42

Lowest and densest

14km (9miles)

Move up, temp goes down

Front 43

Staratosphere

Back 43

50km (31m)

CFCs breakdown here and release chlorine in the ozone

Front 44

Mesosphere

Back 44

80km

Meteoroids burn here

Front 45

Thermosphere

Back 45

Outermost layer

Move up, temp goes up

1,800celcius

Front 46

Exosphere

Back 46

500km

Where satellites orbit

Front 47

Primordial Soup Theory

Back 47

Primitive Earth had: methane, water, ammonia, hydrogen gas

Archaens, bacteria -single celled micoorganisms that inhabited the earth

Front 48

Deep Sea Vent Theory

Back 48

Marine Hydrothermal Events release boiling hot fluids mixed with toxic chemicals

Front 49

Hydrohen sulphide

Back 49

Main component on ocean floor

Front 50

Bacteria/Primitive Microbes

Back 50

Absorb hydrogen sulphide

Chemosynthesis (simple sugar for their own food)

Front 51

Nanobes

Back 51

Smaller than bacteria, own DNA

Front 52

Who discovered a new ecosystem in deep sea vent?

Back 52

Thomas Gold

Front 53

Panspermia Theory

Back 53

Hypothesis: life on earth actually began somewhere in the universe

Life forms; carried by meteorites, asteroids or comets

Front 54

Interstellar Dust

Back 54

Large components of organic molecules

Front 55

YLEM

Back 55

Edwin Hubble

Hot dense fireball

Front 56

George Lemaitre

Back 56

Proposed theory of expansion

"Primeval Atom"

Front 57

Parts of the Sun

Back 57

Protosphere

Chromosphere

Corona

Front 58

Hubble's Law

Back 58

The farther away the galaxy the faster

Front 59

Hot mantle convection cells

Back 59

Moves around plates of lithosphere

Front 60

Thermal convection

Back 60

Driving force for the movement of continents

Front 61

Hot magma

Back 61

Creates convection currents beneath the plates

Front 62

Tectonic

Back 62

Deformation of crust

Front 63

Rigid Lithosphere

Back 63

What plates are made of

Front 64

3 types of plate boundary

Back 64

Divergent

Convergent

Transform

Front 65

Divergent Boundary

Back 65

Two platee moving apart or rifting

Front 66

Rifting

Back 66

Causes seafloor spreading

Front 67

Continental Rift

Back 67

Divergent boundary formed on a continent

Front 68

Ocean ridge

Back 68

Divergent boundary formed under the ocean

Front 69

Convergent Boundaries

Back 69

Colliding boundaries

Front 70

Continent-Oceanic

Back 70

Volcanoes occur at subduction zone

Front 71

Oceanic-Oceanic

Back 71

Trench forms at subduction zone

Front 72

Continent-Continent

Back 72

Have collision zones

Forms mountain ranges

Front 73

Transform fault boundaries

Back 73

Boundary plates sliding past each other

Front 74

Orogeny

Back 74

Forces of events leading to the structural deformation of the earth's crust

Results in mountain building

Front 75

Geological stresses

Back 75

Compressional

Tensional

Shear

Confining

Front 76

Compressional

Back 76

Push/squeeze

Horizontal - crust may thicken/shorten

Vertical - crust may thin out/break off

Front 77

Folding

Back 77

Resulting in mountain building

Front 78

Tensional

Back 78

Rocks are pulled apart

Separated in opposite directions

Same stress that separated continents

Front 79

Shear

Back 79

Portions of a plate at the edges may break away

Can cause earthquakes

Front 80

Confining

Back 80

Compact crust

Retain shape not weight

Sinkholes

Front 81

Folding (crustal deformation)

Back 81

Compression of rock strata

UPWARDS -anticlines

DOWNWARDS- synclines

Front 82

Doming

Back 82

When rising magma raises rock upwards

Result of compression

Front 83

Faulting

Back 83

Caused by plate movement

Fracture-line of weakness

Forms valleys

Front 84

Types of faulting

Back 84

Normal-downward movement

Reverse-land moves upwards

Tear-crust is fractured

Front 85

Seafloor spreading

Back 85

Magma rises to the surface from the mantle

Tensional force on the plates cause moving apart

Front 86

Ocean basin formation

Back 86

Rock materials well uo from the underlying mantle into the ridge between diverging plates

Front 87

Support for Continental Drift

Back 87

1) Shape of continents

2) Fossil evidence

3) Rock evidence

4) Glacial scars

5) Location of coal deposits

Front 88

Minerals

Back 88

Solid inorganic material of the earth

Has known chemical composition and unique crystalline structure

Front 89

Rocks

Back 89

Solid aggregate of minerals

Front 90

Crystal structures

Back 90

Made up of atoms of one or more kinds of elements

Front 91

Crystal form

Back 91

Related to internal geometric arrangements of atoms

Front 92

Cleavage

Back 92

Tendency to break along smooth planes

Front 93

Fracture

Back 93

Broken surface us irregular

Front 94

Density

Back 94

Ratio of mass mineral to volume

Front 95

Specific gravity

Back 95

Ratio of mineral density to density of water

Front 96

Altered minerals

Back 96

Minerals that undergo changes in chemistry

Front 97

Ore minerals

Back 97

Left over after crystallizing of magma

Have economic value

Front 98

Igneous rock

Back 98

Intrusive

Formed when magma cools deep within the earth's surface

Cools slowly

Extrusive

Magma that cools above earth's surface

Rapid cooling does not allow crystal formation

Front 99

Sedimentary Rocks

Back 99

Formed from previouslt existing rock

> sediments

1) weathered rock material

2) dissolved rock material

Front 100

Metamorphic

Back 100

Rocks changed by heat, pressure, hot solution

Front 101

Exogenous Process

Back 101

On or near the surface of the earth

Influenced or driven by gravity, water, wind and organisms

Front 102

Degradation process

Back 102

A) weathering

B) mass wasting

C) erosion and transportation

Front 103

Aggradation process

Back 103

Deposition -fluvial, eolian, glacial, coastal