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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What shape is DNA |
Double Helix |
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What does DNA stand for |
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid |
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What does DNA consist of |
Sugar, Phosphate, Base |
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Name the 4 bases in their pairs |
Adenine, Thymine Cytosine, Guanine |
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Where and when does DNA replication take place |
In the nucleus during interphase |
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What does the suffix "ose" mean |
sugar |
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What is Gene Regulation |
The fact that all of your DNA is not turned on in all of your cells |
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What are 2 names for the building blocks of DNA |
Monomers or Nuceotides |
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What makes up he backbone of DNA |
Sugar, Phosphate |
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Who is Chargaff and what did he do |
Chargaff discovered DNA and he came up with the rule that states that the amount of A = T and C = G |
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What are purines and pyrimidines |
A&T-Purines G&C-Pyrimidines |
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Who is Rosalind Franklin and what did she do |
Rosalind Franklin was the first scientist to make images of DNA molecules using x-ray diffraction. She discovered the double helix shape of the DNA by turning it on its side |
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Who are James Watson and Francis Crick |
The first scientists to build a model of the DNA molecule and call the shape of it a double helix |
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What prize did Watson, Crick, and Chargaff win |
Pulitzer Prize |
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What is a sugar molecule made of |
5 carbon atoms |
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What are the names for the 2 DNA strands |
Leading strand and Lagging strand |
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What is the sugar in DNA |
Deoxyribose |
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What processes does DNA Replication occur in |
Mitosis and Meiosis |
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What are the steps in DNA Replication |
1) Helicase- unwinds DNA 2) SSB- keep strands apart 3) Primase- marks where the Polymerase starts and stops 4) Polymerase- hand shaped enzyme that attaches nucleotides 5) Sliding Clamp- accessory protein; hold Polymerase to DNA strand 6) RNase H- removes Primase and replaces with nucleotide 7) Ligase- fills in gaps to make one long strand |
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What are the differences between DNA and RNA |
DNA: 2 strands, Deoxyribose, thymine RNA: 1 strand, Ribose, Uracil |
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What is mRNA |
Copy of DNA used in Protein Synthesis |
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How does the ribosome read the mRNA strand |
In Codons, or groups of 3 bases |
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What does tRNA do |
Brings the Anticodon and protein for the mRNA strand |
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What is a protein |
a group of amend acids |
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What is Transcription |
When DNA is turned to mRNA |
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What is Translation |
When mRNA is turned into tRNA |
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What does your mRNA serve as |
Your genetic code |
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What is the ameno acid coded by |
mRNA |
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Name the 3 types of mutations |
Deletion, Insertion, Substitution |
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What is an example of a good mutation |
lactose tollerant |
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Mutations could lead to: |
An improved trait An unaffected trait A harmful trait |
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What types of mutations can be passed on |
Sex cell mutations |
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What causes mutations |
Random errors or mutagen |
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What is an example of substitution |
sickle cell anemia |
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What is genetic engineering |
the manipulation of individual genes |
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What are some products of genetic engineering |
3 parent babies, drugs, foods, fabrics |
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What are genetic identifications |
DNA fingerprinting, Cloning |
