Science 10 Exam Review Chapter 4

Front 1

Organic

Back 1

Describes matter that consists of compounds that always contain the elements carbon and hydrogen, although other elements maybe also be present ; found in living organisms or the fossils of once living things

Front 2

Inorganic

Back 2

Matter that is not of biological origin; it may or may not contain carbon and often of mineral origin

Front 3

Photosynthesis

Back 3

The process whereby plants use the sun’s energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and oxygen

Front 4

Cellular Respiration

Back 4

The reaction between carbohydrates and oxygen that produces energy, carbon dioxide, and water

Front 5

Carbon Reservoirs

Back 5

Refers to locations on Earth that sore and release organic carbon slowly

Front 6

Carbon Sink

Back 6

A Carbon reservoir that stores Carbon for long periods of absorbs more carbon than it releases

Front 7

Fossil Fuel

Back 7

Hydrocarbons found within the top layer of Earth’s crust; include coal, oil, and gas

Front 8

Carbon Source

Back 8

A Carbon reservoir that releases more Carbon than it stores

Front 9

Carbon Cycle

Back 9

The cycling of Carbon though ecosystems

Front 10

Greenhouse Gases

Back 10

Gases in the atmosphere that allow solar radiation to pass through the atmosphere, and be absorbed by Earth’s surface, and then absorb and trap any thermal energy radiated from Earth include Carbon Dioxide and methane

Front 11

Greenhouse Effect

Back 11

The warming effect created by the ability of Earth’s atmosphere to trap thermal energy

Front 12

Oxygen Cycle

Back 12

Describes the path of oxygen through ecosystems

Front 13

Aerobic Respiration

Back 13

Respiration that uses oxygen to release the energy in carbohydrates

Front 14

Anaerobic Respiration

Back 14

Respiration that does not require oxygen to release the energy in the carbohydrates; absence of oxygen, a process used by certain bacteria called fermentation

Front 15

Nitrogen Cycle

Back 15

The movement of nitrogen between abiotic and biotic components of the biosphere

Front 16

Nitrogen Fixation

Back 16

The first step in the nitrogen cycle, which occurs when nitrogen from nitrogen gas in “fixed” or combined with hydrogen to produce ammonia

Front 17

Legumes

Back 17

A plants whose root nodules host nitrogen fixing bacteria includes crops such as peas, peanuts, soybeans, clover, and alfalfa, and wild plants such as alders and

Front 18

Nitrate

Back 18

A highly soluble nitrogen compound containing both nitrogen and oxygen; produced from ammonium by bacteria in the soil

Front 19

Nitrification

Back 19

The process that produces nitrate from ammonium

Front 20

Denitrification

Back 20

The process that converts ammonia and nitrate back to nitrogen gas