Sci 10 3Rd Prdcl

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a complex network of nerves and cells that carry messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body, It is mainly responsible for controlling and coordinating all the organ systems by sending messages from the brain through nerve signals

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Nervous System

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the basic cell of the nervous system

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Neuron

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three parts of neuron

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cell body, dendrites and axon

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controls growth

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cell body

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carry impulses or messages

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dendrites

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carries message away from the cell body

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Axon

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Is an organ located within the skull that functions as organizer and distributor of information for the body.

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Brain

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Is the large, upper part of the brain that controls activity and thought

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Cerebrum

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the part under the cerebrum that controls, posture, balance, andcoordination.

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Cerebellum

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Connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls automatic functions such as breathing, digestion, heart rate, and blood pressure.

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Brain stem

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Serves as a channel for signal between the brain and the majority of the body parts, and controls some simple musculoskeletal reflexes even withoutthe processing of the brain.

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Spinal Cord

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Carry motor and sensory signals between the spinal chord and the body.

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Spinal Nerves

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Are nerve fibers that carry information into and out of the brain stem.

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Cranial nerves

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is maintained in the body byregulating the body temperature, blood pressure,pH, and glucose concentration.

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Homeostasis

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they are composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.

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Proteins

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a molecule that is present in the majority of living organisms and viruses. It is made up of nucleotides, which are ribose sugars attached to nitrogenous bases and phosphate group

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Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

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molecule that carries genetic information for the development and functioning of an organism.

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Deoxryibonucleic Acid (DNA)

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contain information necessary for different bodily processes

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Gene

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transcribes the DNA nucleotide bases to RNA nucleotide bases

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Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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binds the mRNA and tRNA to ensure that codons are translated correctly

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Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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translates the mRNA codons into the correct amino acid

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Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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occurs inside the nucleus, and it is the first step in gene expression.

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Transcription

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final synthesis of a small protein through the help of mRNA

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Translation

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composed of different glands which secrete hormones that regulatemetabolism, growth and development, mood, and reproduction

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Endocrine System

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organic substances released by the glands of the endocrine system directly into the bloodstream

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Hormone

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Produces hormones that stimulategrowth, and controls the functions of other glands

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Pituitary Gland

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Location of the Pituitary Gland

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base of the brain

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hormone of pituitary gland

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oxytocin

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Produces hormones that regulatebody metabolism, and storage of calcium in bones

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Thyroid Gland

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location of thyroid gland

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in front of the next and below the voice box

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hormone of thyroid gland

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Thyroxine

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Produces hormones that control the calcium levels in your body, and normalizes bone growth

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Parathyroid Gland

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location of parathyroid gland

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in the neck

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Produces hormones that enable thebody to produce T cells before puberty

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Thymus Gland

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location of the thymus gland

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in front of the heart

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hormone of thymus gland

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thymosin

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Produces hormones that affectsmetabolism, immune system and blood pressure, stress reaction

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Adrenal Gland

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location of adrenal gland

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on top of the kidneys

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hormone of adranal gland

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adrenaline

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Produce hormones that regulate bloodsugar levels

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Pancreas Gland

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location of pancreas gland

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behind the stomach

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Produces hormones that control maturation of sperm and development of the secondary male sexual characteristics

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Testes

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location of testes

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scrotum

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hormone of testes

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Testosterone

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Produces hormones that influence development of the secondary female sexual characteristics, and maturation of the egg cells and ovulation

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Ovaries

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location of ovaries

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pelvic area

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hormone of ovaries

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estrogen and progesterone

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Produces a hormone that regulates the biological clock

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Pineal Gland

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location of pineal gland

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in the brain

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hormone of pineal gland

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melatonin

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a disease that happens when the mineral density of the bone is reduced making it brittle and weak

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Osteoporosis

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is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland

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Goiter

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is a disorder that happens during childhood when there is abnormal increase in height

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Gigantism

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a condition wherein the production of growth hormones in the pituitary gland is insufficient

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dwarfism