Schusterguide - Ch12 - Marine Science Technology

Front 1

early timing device that accurately kept time on ships and allowed explorers to navigate better; who designed it

Back 1

chronometer; John Harrison

Front 2

black and white circular disk lowered into water to measure water transparency, which indirectly reveals turbidity, clarity, and attenuation

Back 2

Secchi disk

Front 3

obtains cylinders of sediment

Back 3

corer

Front 4

early device used to obtain seawater samples at specific depths by taking samples when it flips over

Back 4

Nansen bottle

Front 5

modification of the Nansen bottle that does not have to flip over

Back 5

Niskin bottle

Front 6

devices used to obtain samples of sediment from the bottom of a body of water

Back 6

grabs

Front 7

the process of putting bottles on a wire and getting them to take samples of water at certain depths and then retrieving them

Back 7

hydrocast

Front 8

the use of sound waves to map seawater properties

Back 8

acoustic tomography

Front 9

beams sound down through water and measures time it took for sound to travel, which reveals depth

Back 9

depth recorder / echo sounder

Front 10

fine, cone-shaped, mesh net used to catch plankton

Back 10

plankton net

Front 11

measures air pressure

Back 11

barometer

Front 12

what does a CTD device measure

Back 12

conductivity, temperature, depth

Front 13

free-floating instrument that tracks currents

Back 13

drogue

Front 14

container connected to a mesh net that is dragged over the sea floor

Back 14

dredge

Front 15

modified dredge designed to capture small organisms

Back 15

epibenthic sled

Front 16

diving without air

Back 16

free diving

Front 17

allows people to dive underwater for prolonged periods

Back 17

scuba [self contained underwater breathing apparatus]

Front 18

who invented scuba; when

Back 18

Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Emile Gagnan; 1943

Front 19

first form of scuba developed by Jacques-Yves Cousteau

Back 19

Aqualung

Front 20

gas mixture used for deep dives

Back 20

heliox

Front 21

how deep was the deepest human dive

Back 21

534 m

Front 22

suit that maintains atmospheric pressure for diver; example

Back 22

atmospheric diving suit [ADS]; Jim Suit

Front 23

robotic underwater vessels

Back 23

remotely operated vehicle [ROV]

Front 24

small, spherical vessel usually made of steel lowered into the ocean by a cable

Back 24

bathysphere

Front 25

who pioneered the use of a bathysphere

Back 25

Barton and Beebe

Front 26

deep-diving submersible that uses a float filled with an incompressible fluid to remain buoyant

Back 26

bathyscaphe

Front 27

what type of submersible was Trieste

Back 27

bathyscaphe

Front 28

deepest-diving manned submersible in operation today; maximum depth

Back 28

Shinkai; 6500 m

Front 29

unmanned submersible that discovered the Titanic in 1985

Back 29

Argo

Front 30

who led the search for the Titanic

Back 30

Robert Ballard

Front 31

manned submersible that found the first hydrothermal vents in 1977, discovered a missing hydrogen bomb, and was the first manned submersible to visit RMS Titanic

Back 31

Alvin

Front 32

what is Jason's (ROV) base called

Back 32

Medea

Front 33

navigation that requires the use of two radio broadcast stations

Back 33

loran [long-range navigation]

Front 34

use of light to navigate

Back 34

lidar [light detecting and ranging]

Front 35

shows shoreline and surrounding vessels by reflecting radio signals off of them

Back 35

radar [radio detecting and ranging]

Front 36

the use sound to navigate

Back 36

sonar [sound navigating and ranging]

Front 37

emitting sounds from an echo sounder in order to obtain a picture of surroundings

Back 37

active sonar

Front 38

receiving sound from environment in order to make a picture of surroundings

Back 38

passive sonar

Front 39

utilizes the prominent thermocline of warm tropical waters to heat fluid, which powers a turbine, then condense it

Back 39

ocean thermal energy conversion [OTEC]

Front 40

up-and-down motion is harnessed by buoys, which move pistons

Back 40

wave energy power

Front 41

world's first wave power plant that began operating in 2000 off the west coast of Scotland

Back 41

Limpet 500

Front 42

home of the only tidal power plant in North America

Back 42

Annapolis River estuary, in the Bay of Fundy

Front 43

what 2 factors of the surroundings affect the amount of energy available to a tidal power plant

Back 43

basin area, tidal range

Front 44

why is it difficult to have offshore wind farms

Back 44

massive amounts of concrete are required

Front 45

systematic program designed to increase understanding of circulation patterns and mixing processes in the oceans

Back 45

Geochemical Ocean Sections [GEOSECS]

Front 46

modern device that obtains water samples at certain depths with electronic controls

Back 46

rosette

Front 47

first truly oceanographic satellite; for how long was data streamed from space; what year

Back 47

Seasat; 42 hours; 1978

Front 48

first satellite to measure sea surface height, which revealed ocean circulation patterns

Back 48

TOPEX/Poseidon

Front 49

measured sea surface height after TOPEX/Poseidon

Back 49

Jason-1

Front 50

instrument aboard the SeaStar satellite that detects chlorophyll concentrations, which reveals productivity

Back 50

SeaWiFS

Front 51

stable mid-ocean platform for instruments designed by Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Back 51

Floating Instrument Platform [FLIP]

Front 52

any ship designed to navigate through ice; maximum ice thickness that can be navigated

Back 52

icebreaker; 1.8 m