Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Stipe |
An elongated structure supporting the capsule of the Bryophyta |
|
|
Tissue |
Collection of cells types with a common function |
|
|
Frond |
A compound leaf of a fern composed of a central rachis and laterally attached pinnae |
|
|
Pinnae |
Small leaflets which form the lateral attachments on a compound leaf |
|
|
Rachis |
The central axis of a compound leaf or inflorescence in higher plants |
|
|
Dichotomous |
Most simple form of branching in plants where an axis is divided into two parts |
|
|
Lignin |
Complex bio polymer for waterproofing and strength |
|
|
Axillary |
Describing branching from a non-apical meristem |
|
|
Photosynthates |
Any metabolic product of plants created directly or indirectly from photosynthesis |
|
|
Megasporangium |
Collectively the sporogenous structures of the female sporophyte in higher plants |
|
|
Microphyll |
True leaf found in vascular seedless plants containing one true vascular bundle |
|
|
Microsporangium |
Collectively the sporogeneous structures of the male sporophytes in higher plants |
|
|
Root |
An organ of the higher plants which functions in uptake and transport of nutrients from the soil and as an anchor for the plant |
|
|
Strobili |
A stacked arrangement of modified sporophylls found in vascular plants, commonly referred to as a cone or cone like |
|
|
Annulus |
The outermost layer of a leptosporangiate sporangium which protects spores during formation and aids in dispersal |
|
|
Eusporangiate |
Origin of sporogenous tissue in seed plants where internal tissues give rise to sporangium and sporogeneous tissue |
|
|
Leptosporangiate |
Origin of sporgeneous tissue in ferns, an external cell gives rise to sporangium and sporogeneous tissue |
|
|
Sori |
A cluster of spore producing sporangium on the underside of a fern true leaf protected by the indusium |
|
|
indusium |
A sheath like structure which covers and protects the branched or clustered sporangia of some ferns |
|
|
Companion cells |
Derived seive tube element and connected to it with many plasmodesmata, functions to feed and support the sieve tube members |
|
|
Fibers |
Type of sclerenchyma cell which is very narrow and elongated often closely associaed with vascular tissues as support and protection |
|
|
Fibers |
A type of sclerenchyma cell which is very narrow and elongated often closely associated with vascular tissues as support and protection |
|
|
Perforation |
Describing a slotted or open end of a vessel element of xylem |
|
|
Phloem |
The main photosynthate and water conducting cell type of the plants vascular system functions in long distance transport, alive at maturity |
|
|
Pits |
Openings in the lateral walls of xylem cells allowing water and nutrients to move into surrounding tissues |
|
|
Sclerenchyma |
A cell type within ground tissues that is dead at maturity with thickened, lignified cell walls that functions to support all plant tissues and organs |
|
|
Sclerids |
A type of sclerenchyma cell which is unusually shaped an short; commonly found sole or in groups and found in the stone covering some seeds |
|
|
Secondary cell walls |
Inflexible and waterproof at maturity; composed of multiple layers of cellulose macrofibrils laid down in alternating directions, usually lignified for strength and durability |
|
|
Sieve tube |
A phloem tube formed when seive tube elements are joined end-to-end to form a contiuious column |
|
|
Sieive tube element |
A phloem cell type which retains only the ER and the mitohondria but is alive at maturity |
|
|
Tracheids |
A xylem cell type, highly elongated and tapered, ending in pit pairs |
|
|
Vascular |
A tissue system of cells joined in tubes to transport water, nutrients and photosynthates |
|
|
Vessel members |
A xylem cell type with moderate elongation of cells, ending in perforations or perforation plates |
|
|
Vessels |
A xylem cell type formed when vessel elements are joined end-to-end to form a continuous column |
|
|
Xylem |
The main water and inorganic nutrient conducting cell type of vascular tissues that also function in support and food storage, dead at maturity with lignifed cell walls |
|
|
Competent |
Describing cell differentiation where a cell retains the ability to change into any other cell type until late in development |
|
|
Cortex |
Describing tissue arrangement within organs, the are of ground tissues, mainly parenchyma, between dermal and vascular bundles |
|
|
Dermal |
A tissue system of the outermost cell layers which function in protection and waterproofing |
|
|
Lateral growth |
An irreversible increase in size due to cell division and cell expansion arising from the pericycle or cambial layers |
|
|
Meristem |
A region within plant structure capable of cell division leading to growth |
|
|
Pericycle |
highly competent, parenchyma cells lying just inside the endodermis of roots giving rise to lateral growth |
|
|
Pith |
Describing tissue arrangements within organs, the area of ground tissues within or interior to vascular bundles |
|
|
Root cap |
the most distal region of the root for protection, gravity perception, and secretion for passage/uptake |
|
|
Stele |
Describing vascular and ground tissue arrangement within organs |
|
|
Wood |
comprised mainly of secondary xylem and which functions in water movement and long term storage |
|
|
Apoplast |
Everything external to the living cell, plasma membrane |
|
|
Casparian strip |
A bandlike region of primary cell wall containing lignin and suberin found in endodermis and epidermis in roots |
|
|
Corm |
A thickened storage stem usually coverend with dry, scale like leaves |
|
|
Endodermis |
Innermost layer of cortex, a sheath around the stele contains specialized water proofing called casparian strip |
|
|
Mycorrhizae |
Fungal species which enters into symbiotic relationships with plants for the uptake of phosphorus |
|
|
Phytomer |
Repeating unit of shoot growth including an axillary bud, leaf, node, and internode |
|
|
Root hairs |
Epidermal cell extensions for absorption of water by osmosis |
|
|
Shoot |
Collectively the stems and leaves of the plant |
|
|
Suberin |
A complex fatty acid derived waterproofing biomolecule present in plant tissues |
|
|
Symplast |
Everything internal to the living plasma membrane, includes all intracellular connections via plasmodesmata |
|
|
Internodes |
Spacer regions of the phytomer between nodes |
|
|
Node |
A part of the stem where leaves and axillary buds are attached |
|
|
Pore |
A hole in the primary cell wall of sieve elements lined with callose and connects to adjacent phloem cells |
|
|
Pseudomonopodial |
Cell division in dichootomous but one branch overtops the other, the smaller branch appears lateral |
|
|
Sieve area |
A collection of pores between adjacent and connected phloem cells |
|
|
Sieve cells |
an elongated phloem cell ending in sieve areas which connect to adjacent cells |
|
|
Sieve plate |
one or more sieve areas at the end walls junctions of sieve tube members |
|
|
Tracheary elements |
Elongated cells, dead at maturity, function in water and mineral conduction |
|
|
Callose |
A specialized polysaccharide found and functioning in phloem cells |
|
|
Albuinous cells |
Derived independantly from sieve cells, but connected to it with many plasmodesmata, functions to feed and support the sieve cells |
|
|
Protostele |
A deliniated vascular tissue cylinder in roots and stems found in internal to the cortex |
|
|
Dichopodial |
Referring to the dichotomous scheme roots of the lychopodophyta |
|
|
Shoot apex |
The stem apical meristem and newly derived phytomers |
|
|
Ligules |
Small appendages on the adaxial leaf surface near the leaf base |
|
|
Rosette |
A highly compacted stem arrangement in which leaves appear to radiate from a central point near ground level |
|
|
Herb |
A plant with an annual, above ground shoot and flower or inflorescence; plants can be annual, biennial or perennial |
|
|
Monopodial |
A branching pattern where the branches are derived from a single apical meristem |
|
|
Leaf gap |
A region of nonvascular, parenchyma tissue interrupting the vasculature of the stem |
|
|
Planation |
The of an organ or tissue towards a two dimensional plane |
|
|
Webbing |
The development of thin tissue between branches leading to the current megaphyll struccture |
|
|
Bud |
Immature shoot system usually derived from the apical meristem, positioned in the leaf axil, and covered in protective scales |
|
|
Axil |
The tissue at or above the junction of the leaf to the stem |
|
|
Siphonostele |
A delinieated vascular tissue cylinder in roots and stems found internal to the cortex and which contains a pith |
|
|
Sporangiophore |
A unit of the strobili of the equisi bearing sporangia |
|
|
Lacuna |
An opening in plant tissue created via controlled cell death, apoptosis |
|
|
Synganium |
The fuse sporangia of the psiloteae or marratiaceae |
|
|
Stipe |
The central axis of a frond, the compound leaf, of a fern |
|
|
Dimorphic |
Showing two leaf forms where fertile leaves differ in form from sterile leaves |
|
|
Open venation |
Referring to shape of the smallest veins in a leaf where veins branch from midvein but do not rejoin |
