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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enterobacteriaceae is AKA
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The Enteric Bacilli
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Enterobacteriaceae is what shape?
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Gram Negative coccobacilli or bacilli
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Enterobacteriaceae (Enteric Bacilli) is normal flora of what?
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The GI tract, and teh pathogens which may invade from the outside, such as Salmonella and Shigella
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What does Enterobacteriacease cause?
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enteritis and gastroenteritis from fecally contaminated meat (thoroughly cook meat!!) , raw vegetables (Wash them in warm water), or water.
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Why do you wash vegetables in warm water?
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It keeps the skin in tact and prevents anything from getting through the skin to the vegetables.
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Enteric Bacilli causes what?
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UTIs as enteric bacilli invade from the anus, oro ther sources. Can also cause pneumonia, infection of any organ or tissue.
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Enteric Bacilli is ______ based.
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fecal
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Enteric Bacilli may lead to death due to what?
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Kidney failure
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Where can infections of Enteric Bacilli easily spread to others?
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daycares or petting zoos
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What is the most pathogenic type of E Coli?
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E Coli 0157H7 which is a sub type of E coli.
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Coliforms indicate what?
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that food and/or water supply has been contaminated by fecal matter.
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Common coliform pathogens include:
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Esherichia
Klebsiella Serratia Enterobacter Hafnia Citrobacter (from fruit) |
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Where are Coliforms found?
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Intestines of human and animals
in the soil on plants and decaying vegetation |
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The most important and common of all the Coliforms is what?
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Esherichia coli
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Diseases from Esherichia coli include:
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septicemia
UTIs neonatal meningitis gastroenteritis HUS (Hemolitic uremic syndrome) acute pyelonephritis (extreme kidney infection) |
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Endotoxin shock is AKA
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gram-negative shock, gram-negative sepsis or septic shock
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The death rate of Endotoxin shock is...
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50%-80%
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The symptoms of Endotoxin shock are:
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chills, fever, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, and shock
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Endotoxin shock is a serious complication from...
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an infection from certain gram negative bacilli
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Salmonella Food poisoning is AKA
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Salmonella enteritidis
Salmonellosis |
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There are how many serotypes of Salmonella Food poisoning?
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2,000
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Salmonella food poisoning is very common where?
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the U.S.
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Where does Salmonella food poisoning live?
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in the intestines of birds, reptiles, and mammals
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The symptoms of Salmonella food poisoning....
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*Appear 8-48 hours after ingestions and last 2-7 days
*May enter blood causing bacteremia and infections including the lining of the heart, the bones and the joints. -nonbloody diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, fever, myalgia, headache, fever, and abdominal cramps. |
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Transmission of Salmonella food poisoning ....
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*Unwashed produce *Carriers
*Feces to hands and then to others *Cat or dog with diarrhea *reptiles *Unrefrigerated mean and diairy products *Poultry *Eggs (cookie dough, raw egg products, french toast, ice cream) *Inadequately pasteurized contaminated milk |
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Typhoid fever is what kind of bacilli?
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Gram negative
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Typhoid Fever can survive in what?
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fresh water and freezing temperatures
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What is the sole host for Typhoid Fever?
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Humans
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Carriers of Typhoid Fever are what?
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Asymptomatic (without symptoms)
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The most serious of Typhoid Fever is what?
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Salmonella typhi
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The transmission of Typhoid fever:
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*Fecally contaminated food and water
*Carriers shed the bacilli from gallbladder *Liver, spleen and bone marrow may become infected *Must ingest 1,000 to 10,000 bacilli to initiate infection *Salmonella invades the villus of the small intestine |
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Symptoms of Typhoid Fever:
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*Fever, headache, muscle pains, malaise,vomiting, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite
*Gastroenteritis and bacteremia may develop *Intestine may ulcerate and perforate (hole) producing peritonitis **Typhoid Mary |
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Cholera is _____based.
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Fecal
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Causative agent of Cholera is ...
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Vibrio choleare (Genus and speces)
**comma shaped with one flagellum |
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Choleara is a ____ curved bacilli with a single ____.
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Gram negative
flagellum |
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Cholera is spread by:
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food and water contaminated with feces
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Cholera can survive in
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fresh water
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Cholera is found in ..
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Shellfish off the Gulf of Mexico
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Symptosm of Cholera:
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*Vomiting and watery diarrhea
*Secretory diarrhea containing flecks of mucus (rice-water stool) **Most cases are mild and self limiting in healthy adults. **In children and compromised the disease may be rapid and violent. |
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Vibrio Cholerae symptoms:
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*Fluid loss 1 liter per hour in severe cases
*If untreated death in 48 hours *Intense dehydration *Loss of electrolytes (hypokalemia - low calcium) *Metabolic acidosis (decrease pH of body fluids) *Muscle cramps and severe thirst |
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Vibrio Cholerae symptoms cont..
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*Convulsions
*Hypotension (Low BP) *Tachycardia (Rapid heart beat) *Cyanosis (no proper blood flow) *Shock |
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Campylobacter Gastroenteritis is _____ based
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Fecal
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Causative agent of Campylobacter Gastroenteritis is...
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Campylobacter jejuni
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Campylobacter Gastroenteritis is a ____ curved bacilli with single _____
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Gram negative
flagella |
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Infection of Campylobacter Gastroenteritis is..
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zoonotic (picked up from animals)
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The reservoirs of Campylobacter Gastroenteritis are...
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poultry, dogs, cats, rabbits, pigs, cattle and minks
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Campylobacter Gastroenteritis is acquired by...
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Humans through fecal contaminated food, water, or milk.
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Symptoms of Campylobacter Gastroenteritis are:
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*Bleeding lesions and inflammation of the jejunum, ileum and colon
*Malaise, fever, abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea *10 or more bowel movements per day *Is self limiting but takes 7-10 days. |
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The causative agent of Peptic Ulcers is...
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Helicobacter pylori
*Slightly helical in shape |
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Peptic Ulcers cause...
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erosions of the mucous membranes of the stomach and duodenum.
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Factors which may intensify Peptic ulcers are...
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Stress, alcohol, spicy foods, or excessive stomach acids
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Transmission of Peptic Ulcers is..
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Fecal-oral
Hands, water, or fomites |
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Shigellosis is AKA
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Dysentery (excessive diarrhea)
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Shigellosis is AKA
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Dysentery (excessive diarrhea)
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Shigellosis is AKA
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Dysentery (excessive diarrhea)
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Shigellosis is a __________ bacilli
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gram negative
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Gn and sp of Shigellosis is...
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Shigella dysenteriae
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Symptoms of Shigellosis are...
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Abdominal cramps
watery stools with mucus and blood |
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Transmission of Shigellosis is...
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Fecal /oral
person to person |
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How many cells are needed for infection of Shigellosis?
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200 (highly transmissable)
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Shigellosis is due to...
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improper sanitation
malnutrition crowded conditions daycare centers prisons mental institutions nursing homes military camps |
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Shigella invades what?
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The villus of the large intestines
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who can be carriers for Shigella?
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Inviduals
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Shiga toxin damages what?
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The lining of the large intestines and intestinal nerves
*looses the ability to absorb moisture |
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Listeriosis is _____ based.
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Fecal/oral
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Gn and Sp of Listeriosis ...
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Listeria monocytogenes
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Listeriosis is a ___________ coccobacillus with _______ hemolysis
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Gram positive
Beta |
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Listeriosis is wide spread among ..
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animals in nature, including those associated with out food supply ( fowl, fish, insects, and ungulates - animals with hoofs)
* Also uncooked vegetables |
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Transmission of Listeriosis ...
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Enters the body in contaminated food and drink
* Will grow in the refridgerator *found in luncheon meats, cold cuts, hot dogs, unpasterurized milk, and soft cheeses. |
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Symptoms of Listeriosis...
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*Rarely pathogenic in health adults, showing only mild flu-like symptoms.
*When ingested, listeris primarily affects the elderly, pregnant, newborns, and adults with weakened immune systems. *Most common human infections include meningitis and Bacteremia **2000 cases and 400 deaths each year |
