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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal Saturation of Premature |
88% - 95% |
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Placenta Vein and Artery Lines |
1 Vein - UVL 2 Arteries - UAL |
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The Umbilical Cord is Surrounded by |
Wharton's Jelly |
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How long the umbilical arteries remain open after birth |
24 hours |
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Placenta Previa |
Placenta Grows in the lowest part of the womb and covers part or all of the cervix 1 in 200 |
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Three Types of Placenta Previa |
Marginal - next to cervix Partial - covers part of cervix Complete - covers all of cervix |
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Placenta Previa Symptoms |
Sudden Vaginal Bleeding |
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Placenta Previa Diagnostic Test |
Ultrasound |
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Placenta Previa Treatment |
C-Section Steroid Shots to help the baby's lungs mature |
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Placental Abruption |
Separation of placenta from the uterus 1 of 150 births |
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Placenta Abruption Risk Factors |
Diabetes High Blood Pressure History of Placenta Abruption Uterine Fibroids |
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Placental Abruption Symptoms |
Abdominal Pain Vaginal Bleeding |
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Placental Abruption Tests |
Ultrasound CBC Fibrinogen Level Partial Thromboplastin Time Prothrombin Time |
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Placental Abruption Treatment |
C-Section If bleeding occurs after delivery - hysterectomy |
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Preeclampsia |
High blood pressure (140/90) and excess protein in urine |
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Preeclampsia can be classified as |
Gestational Hypertension |
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Preeclampsia was also known as |
Toxemia |
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Preeclampsia Treatment |
Delivery |
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Chronic Hypertension |
High blood pressure that appears before 20 weeks of pregnancy or lasts more than 12 weeks after delivery. |
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Preeclampsia superimposed on chronic Hypertension |
Women who have chronic Hypertension before pregnancy which worsens and have excess protein during pregnancy |
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Preeclampsia risk factors |
History of preeclampsia First Pregnancy New paternity Age: <20 >40 Obesity Multiple Pregnancies Prolonged interval between Pregnancies Diabetes and gestational diabetes History of certain conditions |
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Complications of preeclampsia |
Lack of blood flow to placenta Hemolysis Elevated liver enzymes Low platelet count Placenta Abruption |
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Preeclampsia Medications |
Lisinopril - lower blood pressure Corticosteroids Anticonvulsive Medications Bed rest Delivery |
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GTPAL |
Gravidity Term deliveries Pre-term deliveries Abortions or miscarriages Live Births |
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Gravidity |
Number of times a women has been pregnant |
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Parity |
Number of times a women gave birth to a fetus >24 weeks, alive or stillborn |
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Maternal History |
Current age (<16 or >40 at risk for complications) Prenatal Care Smoking and Substance Abuse Nutrition and Diabetes Maternal Infection Previous Pregnancies/Outcomes Maternal Hypertension Family Disease History Amniocentesis results Cellular Abnormalities Maternal bleeding Premature and prolonged ruptered membranes (PROM) Maternal Steroid Administration Placental Problems Status of amniotic fluid |
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Fetal Assessment |
Ultrasound Amniocentesis (genetics and presence of meconium) |
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Assess lung maturation |
L/S ratio - 35 weeks |
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Common systems used to determine gestational age |
Ballard and Dubowitz scales |
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Normal Fetal HR |
110 - 160 |
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Fetal scalp pH <7.20 |
Indicates fetal distress and should be delivered right away |
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Normal Fetal RR |
30 - 60 |
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APGAR Stands for |
Appearance Pulse (accept HR >100) Grimace Activity Respiratory Rate and effort |
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APGAR Score |
Made at 1 and 5 minutes Each Parameter is scored at 0, 1, or 2 |
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One minute APGAR Score <7 |
Need for aggressive resuscitation |
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One minute APGAR ranges |
7 to 10: no depression, adjusting well 4 to 6: moderate depression, give O2 0 to 3: severe depression, intubate and ventilate |
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5 minute APGAR <5 |
Increased risk of neurologic impairment |
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APGAR Score of 0 |
Everything is absent Limp muscle tone No response Cyanotic |
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APGAR Score of 1 |
HR below 100 Slow irregular respirations Some flexion of muscle Grimacing Pink body with blue extremities |
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APGAR Score of 2 |
Everything is good/normal |
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Silverman Anderson Score Assessment |
The lower the total score the better the baby Best is 0 and the worst is 2 Retractions of upper chest, lower chest and xiphoid Nasal flaring Expiratory grunt |
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Silverman Anderson Score of 0 |
No retractions, flaring or grunting with synchronized respiratory movements |
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Silverman Anderson Score of 1 |
Visible retractions of lower chest and xiphoid Upper chest lagging compared to lower on inspiration Minimal nasal flaring and an expiratory grunt heard only with a stethoscope |
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Silverman Anderson Score of 2 |
Marked retractions with seesaw movement of upper and lower chest Marked nasal flaring and audible expiratory grunting |
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Normal Infant Temperature |
37 C Hyperthermia >37.5 Hypothermia <36 |
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Normal Infant Temperature Skin |
36 to 36.5 |
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Normal Infant Temperature Axillary |
36.5 to 37.2 |
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Normal Infant Temperature Rectal |
36.5 to 37.2 |
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Normal Infant Temperature Tympanic |
36.5 to 37 |
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Causes of increased HR >200 |
Hyperthermia Heart Disease Pain Crying Drugs |
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Causes of decreased HR <100 |
Hypoxia Heart disease Valsalva maneuver Drugs Hypothermia Sepsis |
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Normal Blood Pressure |
1000 g: 50/30 2000 g: 60/35 3000 g: 65/40 |
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Adventitious breath sounds |
Similar to adults |
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Newborn Blood Gas |
pH: 7.25 - 7.35 PaCO2: 40 - 50 torr PaO2: 50 - 70 torr HCO3: 17 - 23 mEq/L BE: -10 to +2 |
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Age Classifications |
Fetus: before birth Newborn/Neonate: birth to 1 month Infant: 1 month to 1 year Child: 1 year to puberty Adolescent: puberty to adult |
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Preferred Oxygen delivery device for APGAR Score of 4 - 6 |
Oxyhood - gives precise FIO2 Initiate at 30% - 40% |
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Rescuscitation HR |
< 100 - positive pressure ventilation < 60 - compressions |
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Glasgow Coma Scale |
3-8 severe 9-12 moderate 13-15 mild |
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Transillumination of the chest |
Diagnose pneumothorax |
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Transcutaneous PO2 and PaCO2 Measurement Temperature |
43 - 45 C |
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How often to change electrode in Transcutaneous PO2 and PaCO2 Measurement |
Every four hours If redness and blistering occurs, every 2 - 3 hours |
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Transcutaneous PO2 and PaCO2 Measurement Calibration |
On room air with zeroing solution PaO2 = 150 mmHg PaCO2 = 0 mmHg |
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Best placement of electrode for Transcutaneous PO2 and PaCO2 Measurement |
Over flat areas with good perfusion Not over bone, large areas and extremities Below clavicle and Midclavicular |
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Erythema |
Blistering of the skin |
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Suction Device for Labor and Delivery |
Bulb Mouth suctioned first, then the nose |
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Causes of Tachypnea |
Hypoxemia Acidosis Congenital heart disease Anxiety Pain Hyperthermia Crying |
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Causes of Bradypnea |
Narcotics Hypothermia CNS diseases |
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Apnea Ranges |
<10: pause 10 - 15: short 15 - 20: long |
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Right to Left Shunts |
Transposition of Great Arteries (egg shaped) Tetralogy of Fallot (boot shaped) Coarctation of Aorta Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Truncus Arteriosis (merged Pulmonary Artery and Aorta) |
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Left to right shunts |
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) |
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Tetralogy of Fallot Diseases |
Coarctation of aorta (misplaced/overiding aorta) VSD Right ventricular hypertrophy Pulmonary valve stenosis |
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Main symptom when newborn is in distress |
Tachypnea |
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Suction Pressure for Newborns |
60 - 80 |
