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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The oracle said that the laws (rhetra) of Lycurgus would become the most famous in the world.
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True
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Solon was the person most directly responsible for establishing the democracy in Athens.
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False
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The Spartans and Athenians fought together against the Persians at the Battle of Marathon.
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False
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The Greek's main problems in organizing their defense against the Persians were their political divisions and rivalries between cities.
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True
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In Herodotus' account of Thermopylae, Demaratus acts as an 'advisor figure', explaining Spartan customs to Xerxes and the reader.
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True
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The Spartan gerousia corresponds to what political organ in other Greek cities?
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The boule or 'council
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Which of the following was tyrant in Athens?
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Peisistratus
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Order the main events of the Persian Wars from earliest to latest.
1. The formation of the Delian League. 2. The Ionian Revolt. 3. The Battle of Marathon. 4. The Battle of Salamis. |
1:The Ionian Revolt
2: The Battle of Marathon 3:The Battle of Salamis 4: The formation of the Delian League |
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Which best describes Herodotus' attitudes toward oracles, like the one predicting Leionidas' death?
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He believes in them and points out when they come true
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What did Lycurgus change about Sparta's Social Organization
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Lycurgus instituted changes in the Spartan government and provided Sparta with a constitution. In addition to changes to the government, Lycurgus altered the economy of Sparta, banning ownership of gold or silver and useless occupations. All men were to eat together in common mess halls.
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What general Greek political institution is the Spartan apella an instance of?
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Assembly
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Three stages of the citizenship.
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Agoge (uprbringing), Homioi (citizenship), Sussition.
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Who are the Ephors?
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Five Ephors oversaw the king.
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Archons?
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Rulers, elected every ten years.
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Areopagus (Council):
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Athenian council, normally think of Boule. Named after a hill. Elected the archons, tried crimes
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Identify the economic classes of Athens: hippeis, zeugetai, thetes.
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Zeugetai (Holites)
Thetes (Poor) |
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What were Solon’s reforms? How did they change the constitution of Athens?
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i. Abolished Draco’s Laws
ii. Abolished debt slavery. iii. Provided for domestic economy i. Participation in government depended on wealth. ii. New Boule replaced Legislative function of Areopagus. Heliaia (Popular courts) |
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Who was Cleisthenes? How did he change the Athenian constitution?
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a. Assigned each deme (Village or quarter) as city, interior, or coast.
b. City, interior, and coast were divided into ten trittyes each. c. Ten phylai (clans) were composed of a trittys from each city, interior and coast. d. Each clan contributed fifty members to a boule of five-hundred. Ekklesia (assembly) had full power to legislate. |
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Who were the strategoi?
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a. Ten Strategoi (Generals), One elected from each clan.
b. Heliaia expanded: large juries, power over officials. Ostracism: Honerable exile Reduced powers of Areopagus. 499 Aristagoras of Miletus revolts |
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How did the Greeks and Persians first come into contact? About when?
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a. 547 Persia conquers Lydia (Sardis)
b. 540-500 Ionia comes under Persian control; cities run by tyrants. c. 494 Ionians defeated at Lade d. Darious Plans invasion of Greece i. Athens and Eretria had helped the Ionians ii. Demands surrender of ‘earth and water’ e. The invasion: i. 490 sacks Eretria ii. 490 lands at Marathon in Attica. f. Athenians Recognize threat: i. Request help from Sparta ii. Sparta says it’s busty with festival iii. Plataea sends 1000 hoplites. g. The battle of Marthon: i. Athenian hoplites outmaneuver and outfight Persians. ii. Pheidippides runs a ‘marathon’ to announce victory in Athens |
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Cimon led the radical democratic faction in Athens, while Ephialtes led the conservative faction.
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False
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Pericles' popularity and power are demonstrated by his frequent re-election as strategos.
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True
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Athens' attempt to take political control of central Greece in the period 457-446 succeeded.
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False
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In the Antigone, the main conflict is over whether Polynices should be buried.
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True
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In the Antigone, the heroine Antigone is proved right and brought back to Thebes in triumph.
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False
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Which best describes the reforms of Ephialtes?
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They reduced the influence of the aristocratic Areopagus, making the democracy more radical
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Which is not a way that Pericles supported the thetes or the poorest class of Athenians?
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he relied primarily on Athens' hoplites in its wars
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What are the Athenian Tribute Lists?
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records of the portion of the tribute paid by cities in the Athenian Empire that was dedicated to Athena
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Antigone
Creon Haemon Tiresias Ismene |
Antigone:
defies the king's edict and buries her brother Creon: the king, issues an edict honoring the patriot and outlawing the traitor Haemon: son of the king, argues that the king should reverse his ruling Tiresias: prophet of Thebes, finally convinces the king to overturn the edict Ismene: sister of the heroine, acts as a conventional woman to show how daring the heroine is |
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What were the reforms of Ephialtes? What was their purpose?
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a. Diminution of powers of Areopagus:
i. Eisangelia (impeachment), dokimasia (screening) and euthynai (audit) transferred to boule. ii. All crimes except intentional homicide transferred to heliaia (popular courts). iii. Archonship opened up to zeugetai and thetes. |
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What happened to Ephialtes? Who took over the leadership of his faction?
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a. He was assassinated, perhaps by the aristocrats. Pericles takes charge of the cause in 461.
b.Is re-elected as strategos 460-428 |
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Who is Pericles? What elected position did he consistently hold?
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a. Is a brilliant public speaker, though in private life he seemed to lack public appeal.
b.Is re-elected as strategos 460-428 |
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What is the Athenian Citizenship Law? Why is it important?
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a. Ancient Athenians, for a time, profoundly feared extending privileges of citizenship. To avert this disaster they passed the Periclean Citizenship Law (451/450 B.C.) reserving the right of legitimacy only to children born of two Athenian citizens. Both parents had to be astos to confer citizenship on their children. If they weren't astoi, they might be resident aliens -- known as metics, or foreigners (xenoi). Pericles was the leader of Athens at the time, but he suffered from this law by being prevented from marrying Aspasia. Aspasia was not from Athens, but Miletus, and so was metoikos, not astos
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Why did Athens have to give up on these exploits?
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Setbacks on Persian front:
Disaster in Egypt in 455. Removal of Treasury from Delos to Athens 454. Peace with Sparta: Gives up alliance with Argos Loses control of Beotia in 448. Treaty with Sparta 446. |
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9. What were some of the buildings constructed in Pericles’ building program? What political purpose did the program serve?
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Parthenon begun in 447
Propylaea Gate in 430 Peace in and presoperty: Sophists congregate in Athens. Time of great tragic and comic playwrights |
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In making the alliance with Corcyra, Athens offended Sparta's ally, Aegina
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False
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Pericles' strategy of keeping the Athenians within the city walls may have caused the plague and certainly worsened it.
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True
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After the battle of Aegospotami in 404, Athens could no longer rebuild its fleet and soon surrendered to Sparta.
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True
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In 'Pericles' Funeral Speech', Pericles focuses on the deeds and families of individual soldiers who had fallen in battle.
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False
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In the 'Melian Dialogue' the Athenians offer to allow Melos to surrender and become part of the Athenian Empire, and threaten to destroy them if they refuse.
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True
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Which is not one of Sparta's allies, that pressured them to begin the war with Athens?
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Delos
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Which is the most important reason the 'Peace of Nicias' did not bring a lasting peace?
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The underlying dispute over the leadership of Greece was not resolved
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What happened to the generals who led the Athenians to victory in the battle of Arginusae?
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most were executed and others went into exile, for failing to pick up survivors
Correct Answer: a. Most were executed and others went into exile, for failing to pick up survivors |
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According to Thucydides, what was the most important social consequence of the plague at Athens?
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The Athenians began to neglect their traditional customs
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In the 'Melian Dialogue', why do the Athenians say they are attacking Melos?
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They need to maintain a show of strength in their Empire
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Which of Sparta’s allies was particularly bothered by Athens’ alliance with Corcyra?
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Corinth
Megara Aegina |
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What was the Megarian Decree? Why did Sparta object to it?
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The Decree forbade Athens' trading rival Megara from trading in markets controlled by Athens. It violated the treaty.
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Who were Sparta’s allies in the Peloponnesian War?
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Thebes
Argos Boeotia Syracuse. |
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What was Pericles’ original strategy for winning the war? What happened in Athens precisely because of this strategy?
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To draw the Athenian population behind a wall. The plague happened.
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What were the general terms of the Peace of Nicias? Why was it not effective at finally ending the war?
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Pull their walls down
Give up all twelve of their ships, all but one. Give up all of the Athenian empire obey spartan foreign policy. |
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What was the ‘Sicilian Expedition’? Why did it not succeed?
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An expedition to give aid of a town in Sicily.
The navy is defeated followed shortly by the Army. |
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What advice did Alcibiades give the Spartans when they decided to renew the war?
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He gives them the strategies that he assured would help win the war.
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What political problems occurred in Athens in 411? How did it end?
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Revolution in Athens
Democracy was restored |
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What is the importance of the battle of Aegospotami?
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A great naval victory of Sparta over Athens, effectively ended the Peloponnesian War
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What terms did the Spartans impose on the defeated Athenians?
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But the Long Walls and the defences of the Piraeus, always an affront to the Spartans, are systematically demolished. And the Athenians have to swallow a bitter pill in acknowledging the rule of Sparta - though not for long, as it turns out.
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