Rice Medical Terminology Body Organization

Front 1

Adipose

Back 1

Fatty tissue throughout the body.

Front 2

Ambilateral

Back 2

Pertaining to both sides.

Front 3

Anatomy

Back 3

Literally means to cut up; the study of the structure of an organism such as humans.

Front 4

Android

Back 4

To resemble man.

Front 5

Anterior

Back 5

In front of, before.

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Apex

Back 6

The pointed end of a cone-shaped structure.

Front 7

Base

Back 7

The lower part or foundation of a structure.

Front 8

Bilateral

Back 8

Pertaining to two sides.

Front 9

Biology

Back 9

The study of life.

Front 10

Caudal

Back 10

Pertaining to the tail.

Front 11

Center

Back 11

The midpoint of a body or activity.

Front 12

Cephalad

Back 12

Toward the head.

Front 13

Chromosome

Back 13

Microscopic bodies that carry the genes that determine hereditary characteristics.

Front 14

Cilia

Back 14

Hair-like processes that project from epithelial cells'; they help propel mucus, dust particles, and other foreign substances from the respiratory tract.

Front 15

Cytology

Back 15

The study of cells.

Front 16

Deep

Back 16

Far down from the surface

Front 17

Dehydrate

Back 17

To remove water away from the body.

Front 18

Diffusion

Back 18

Process in which parts of a substance move from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration

Front 19

Distal

Back 19

Farthest from the center or point of origin.

Front 20

Dorsal

Back 20

Pertaining to the back side of the body

Front 21

Ectogenous

Back 21

Pertaining to formation outside the organism or body.

Front 22

Ectomorph

Back 22

A slender physical body form.

Front 23

Endomorph

Back 23

A round physical body form.

Front 24

Filtration

Back 24

The process of filtering or straining particles from a solution.

Front 25

Gene

Back 25

The hereditary unit that transmits and determines one's characteristics or hereditary traits.

Front 26

Histology

Back 26

The study of tissue.

Front 27

Homeostasis

Back 27

The state of Equilibrium maintained in the body's internal environment.

Front 28

Horizontal

Back 28

Pertaining to the horizon, of or near the horizon, lying flat, even, level.

Front 29

Human Genome

Back 29

The complete set of genes and chromosomes tucked inside each of the body's trillions of cells.

Front 30

Inferior

Back 30

Located below or in a downward direction.

Front 31

Inguinal

Back 31

Pertaining to the groin, of or near the groin.

Front 32

Internal

Back 32

Pertaining to within or the inside.

Front 33

Karyogenesis

Back 33

Formation of a cell's nucleus.

Front 34

Lateral

Back 34

Pertaining to the side.

Front 35

Medial

Back 35

Pertaining to the middle or midline

Front 36

Mesomorph

Back 36

a well-proportioned body form.

Front 37

Organic

Back 37

Pertaining to an organ.

Front 38

Pathology

Back 38

The study of disease.

Front 39

Perfusion

Back 39

The process of pouring through.

Front 40

Phenotype

Back 40

The physical appearance or type of makeup of an individual.

Front 41

Physiology

Back 41

The study of the nature of living organisms.

Front 42

Posterior

Back 42

Toward the back.

Front 43

Protoplasm

Back 43

The essential matter of a living cell.

Front 44

Proximal

Back 44

Nearest the center or point of origin, nearest the point of attachment.

Front 45

Somatotrophic

Back 45

Pertaining to the stimulation of body growth.

Front 46

Superficial

Back 46

Pertaining to the surface, on or near the surface.

Front 47

Superior

Back 47

Located above or in an upward direction.

Front 48

Systemic

Back 48

Pertaining to the body as a whole.

Front 49

Topical

Back 49

Pertaining to a place, definite locale.

Front 50

Unilateral

Back 50

Pertaining to one side.

Front 51

Ventral

Back 51

Pertaining to the front side of the body, abdomen, belly surface.

Front 52

Vertex

Back 52

The top or highest point, the top or crown of the head.

Front 53

Visceral

Back 53

Pertaining to body organs enclosed within a cavity, especially abdominal organs.

Front 54

abd

Back 54

abdomen, abdominal

Front 55

A & P

Back 55

Anatomy and Physiology

Front 56

AP

Back 56

Anteroposterior

Front 57

CNS

Back 57

Central Nervous System

Front 58

CV

Back 58

Cardiovascular

Front 59

ER

Back 59

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Front 60

GI

Back 60

Gastrointestinal

Front 61

LAT, lat

Back 61

Lateral

Front 62

LLQ

Back 62

Left Lower Quadrant

Front 63

LUQ

Back 63

Left Upper Quadrant

Front 64

PA

Back 64

Posteroanterior

Front 65

resp

Back 65

respiratory

Front 66

RLQ

Back 66

right lower quadrant

Front 67

RUQ

Back 67

right upper quadrant

Front 68

Right hypochondriac

Back 68

upper right region at the level of the ninth rib cartilage.

Front 69

Left hypochondriac

Back 69

upper left region at the level of the ninth rib cartilage.

Front 70

Epigastric

Back 70

region over the stomach

Front 71

Right lumbar

Back 71

right middle lateral region.

Front 72

Left lumbar

Back 72

left middle lateral region

Front 73

Umbilical

Back 73

in the center, between the right and left lumbar region; at the navel.

Front 74

Right iliac (inguinal)

Back 74

right lower lateral region

Front 75

Left iliac (inguinal)

Back 75

left lower lateral region.

Front 76

Hypogastric

Back 76

lower middle region below the navel.

Front 77

Cell membrane

Back 77

The outer covering of the cell. Have the capability of allowing some substances to pass into and out of the cell while denying passage to other substances. This selectivity allows cells to receive nutrition and dispose of waste just as the human being eats food and disposes of waste.

Front 78

Protoplasm

Back 78

The substance within the cell membrane. Is composed of cytoplasm and karyoplasm.

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Karyoplasm

Back 79

Enclosed by its own membrane, is the substance of the cell's nucleus and contains the genetic matter necessary for cell reproduction as well as control over activity within the cell's cytoplasm.

Front 80

Cytoplasm

Back 80

All protoplasm outside the nucleus. Provides storage and work areas for the cell.

- organelles

- endoplasmic reticulum

- ribosomes

- Golgi apparatus

- Mitochondria

- lysosomes

- Centrioles

Front 81

Tissue

Back 81

A grouping of similar cells that together perform specialized functions.

- Epithelial

- connective

- Muscle

- Nerve

Front 82

Epithelial tissue

Back 82

appears as sheet-like arrangements of cells, sometimes several layers thick, that form the outer layer of the skin, cover the surfaces of organs, line the walls of cavities and form tubes, ducts, and portions of certain glands. The functions of epithelial tissues are protection, absorption, secretion, and excretion.

Front 83

Connective tissue

Back 83

The most widespread and abundant of the body tissues, forms the supporting network for the organs of the body, sheaths the muscles, and connects muscles to bones and bones to joints. Bone is a dense form of connective tissue.

Front 84

Muscle tissue

Back 84

three types

Front 85

Voluntary or striated muscle

Back 85

controlled by the person's will.

Front 86

Cardiac muscle

Back 86

specialized form of striated tissue under the control of the autonomic nervous system.

Front 87

Involuntary or smooth muscles

Back 87

Also controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

Front 88

Nerve tissue

Back 88

consists of nerve cells (neurons) and interstitial tissue. Has properties of ecvitability and conductivity, and functions to control and coordinate the activities of the body.

Front 89

Organs

Back 89

Tissues serving a common purpose or function make up structures. Specialized components of the body such as the brain, skin, or heart.

Front 90

Systems

Back 90

a group of organs functioning together for a common purpose. The various body systems function in support of the body as a whole.

Front 91

Integumentary system

Back 91

protective membrane, temperature regulator, and sensory receptor.

Front 92

Skeletal System

Back 92

Framework and movement: shape, support, protection, and storage place for minerals. Movement is made possible through joints.

Front 93

Muscular system

Back 93

Framework and movement: muscles produce movement, maintain posture, and produce heat.

Front 94

Nervous system

Back 94

Communication and control: The nervous system transmits impulses, responds to change, is responsible for communication, and exercises control over all parts of the body.

Front 95

Endocrine system

Back 95

Glands of the endocrine system produce hormones, chemical messengers, that provide for communication and control over various parts of the body.

Front 96

Cardiovascular system

Back 96

transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, delivers nutrients and hormones and removes waste products.

Front 97

Blood and the Lymphatic system

Back 97

transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, chemical substances and cells that act to protect the body from foreign substances. The lymphatic system stimulates immune response, protects the body, and transports proteins and fluids.

Front 98

Respiratory system

Back 98

furnishes oxygen for use by individual tissue cells and removes their gaseous waste product, carbon dioxide.

Front 99

Digestive system

Back 99

digestion, absorption, and elimination.

Front 100

Urinary system

Back 100

produces urine, transports urine and eliminates urine. The kidneys help maintain electrolyte, water, and acid-base balance of the body.

Front 101

Reproductive system

Back 101

responsible for sexual characteristics of the male and/or female. proper functioning ensures survival of the human race.

Front 102

Midsagittal plane

Back 102

vertically divides the body as it passes through the midline to form a right and left half.

Front 103

Transverse or horizontal plane

Back 103

is any plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions.

Front 104

Coronal or frontal plane

Back 104

any plane that divides the body at right angles to the midsagittal place. The coronal plane divides the body into anterior (ventral) and posterior.

Front 105

Cavity

Back 105

a hollow space containing body organs.

Front 106

Ventral cavity

Back 106

hollow portion of the human torso extending from the neck to the pelvis and containing the heart and the organs or respiration, digestion, reproduction, and elimination.

Front 107

Thoracic cavity

Back 107

the area of the chest containing the heart and the lungs. Contains the pericardial and pleural cavities. Also contains the esophagus, trachea, thymus, and certain large blood and lymph vessels.

Front 108

Pericardial cavity

Back 108

contains the heart.

Front 109

Pleural cavity

Back 109

contains the lungs

Front 110

Abdominal cavity

Back 110

the space below the diaphragm, commonly referred to as the belly. Contains the kidneys, stomach, intestines, and other organs of digestion.

Front 111

Pelvic cavity

Back 111

the space formed by the bones of the pelvic area and contains the organs of reproduction and elimination.

Front 112

Dorsal cavity

Back 112

contains the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity.

Front 113

Cranial Cavity

Back 113

space in the skull containing the brain.

Front 114

Spinal cavity

Back 114

space within the bony spinal column that contains the spinal cord and spinal fluid.

Front 115

Abdominopelvic cavity

Back 115

divided into nine regions.

Front 116

Cell membrane

Back 116

protects the cell; provides for communication via receptor proteins; surface proteins serve as positive identification tags; allow some substances to pass into and out of the cell while denying passage to other substances; this selectivity allows cells to receive nutrition and dispose of waste.

Front 117

Ribosomes

Back 117

make enzymes and other proteins; nicknamed "protein factories"

Front 118

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 118

carries proteins and other substances through the cytoplasm.

Front 119

Golgi apparatus

Back 119

chemically processes the molecules from the endoplasmic reticulum, then packages them into vesicles; nicknamed "chemical processing and packaging center"

Front 120

Mitochondria

Back 120

Complex, energy-releasing chemical reactions occur continuously; nicknamed "power plants"

Front 121

Lysosomes

Back 121

contain enzymes that can digest food compounds; nicknamed "digestive bags"

Front 122

Centrioles

Back 122

play an important role in cell reporduction

Front 123

Flagellum

Back 123

"tail" of the sperm that makes it possible for the sperm to "swim" or move toward the ovum.

Front 124

Nucleus (cell)

Back 124

Controls every organelle (little organ) in the cytoplasm; contains the genetic matter necessary for cell reproduction as well as control over activity within the cell's cytoplasm.

Front 125

Atom

Back 125

the smallest chemical unit of matter. Consists of a nucleus that contains protons and neutrons and is surrounded by electrons.

Front 126

Nucleus (atom)

Back 126

at the center of the atom.

Front 127

proton

Back 127

positively charged particle.

Front 128

Neutron

Back 128

without an electrical charge.

Front 129

electron

Back 129

negatively charged particle that revolves about the nucleus of an atom.

Front 130

Chemical elements

Back 130

made up of atoms.

Front 131

element

Back 131

a substance that cannot be separated into substances different from itself by ordinary chemical means. the basic component of which all matter is composed. there are at least 105 different chemical elements that have been identified.

Front 132

Elements found in the body

Back 132

aluminum, carbon, calcium, chlorine, cobalt, copper, fluorine, hydrogen, iodine, iron, manganese, magnesium, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, sulfur, and zinc.

Front 133

Al

Back 133

Aluminum, 13

Front 134

C

Back 134

carbon, 6

Front 135

Ca

Back 135

calcium, 20

Front 136

Cl

Back 136

chlorine, 17

Front 137

Co

Back 137

cobalt, 27

Front 138

Cu

Back 138

copper, 29

Front 139

F

Back 139

fluorine, 9

Front 140

H

Back 140

hydrogen, 1

Front 141

I

Back 141

iodine, 53

Front 142

Fe

Back 142

Iron, 26

Front 143

Mn

Back 143

manganese, 25

Front 144

Mg

Back 144

magnesium, 12

Front 145

N

Back 145

nitrogen, 7

Front 146

O

Back 146

Oxygen, 8

Front 147

P

Back 147

phosphorus, 15

Front 148

K

Back 148

potassium,, 19

Front 149

Na

Back 149

Sodium, 11

Front 150

S

Back 150

sulphur, 16

Front 151

Zn

Back 151

zinc, 30

Front 152

Therapeutic use

Back 152

used in the treatment of a disease or condition, such as an allergy, to relieve the symptoms or to sustain the patient until other measures are instituted.

Front 153

Diagnostic use

Back 153

Certain drugs are used in conjunction with radiology to allow the physician to pinpoint the location of a disease process.

Front 154

Curative use

Back 154

certain drugs, such as antibiotics, kill or remove the causative agent of a disease.

Front 155

Replacement use

Back 155

certain drugs, such as hormones and vitamins, are used to replace substances normally found in the body.

Front 156

Preventative or Prophylactic use

Back 156

certain drugs, such as immunizing agents, are used to ward off or lessen the severity of a disease.

Front 157

Drug names

Back 157

most drugs may be cited by their chemical, generic, and trade or brand (proprietary) name. The chemical name is usually the formula that denotes the composition of the drug. It is made up of letters and numbers that represent the drug's molecular structure.

Front 158

Undesireable action of drugs

Back 158

most drugs have the potential for causing an action other than their intended action - side effect. An adverse reaction is an unfavorable or harmful unintended action of a drug. A drug interaction may occur when one drug potentiates or diminishes the action of another drug.

Front 159

Medication order and dosage

Back 159

given for a specific patient and denotes the name of the drug, the dosage, the form of the drug, the time for or frequency of administration, and the route by which the drug is to be given.