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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NICHE RULE
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2 species competing for anything (space,food, etc)aka direct competitors, cannot exist in same place at the same time. one will drive the other away.
insect eating birds are different bc the type of insect they eat differ, different sites, etc. so they are NOT direct competitors. |
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CIRCADIAN
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rhythms of a day (24 hrs)
-animals show peak activity either at : daytime (diurnal), night (nocturnal), or dusk/dawn (crepuscular) -activity periods may shift seasonally. -yr round northeastern birds, crepescular in late spring & summer, but diurnal in the cold winter months, thus they avoid the very cold temps of early winter mornings. |
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CIRCANNUAL
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rhythms of a yr
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ENTRAINED Rhythms
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entrained
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ZEITGEBERN
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RYTHYMS KEPT REGULAR BY ENVIROMENTAL CUES
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blocking animal from normal zeitgeber
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in lab.
-can often readily switch to a substitute -can reset the internal rhythms CALLED CLOCK SHIFTING |
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CIRCADIUM RHYTHMS
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-governed by that self-sustaining internal pacemaker/clock (by a biological clock)
-diurnal (daylight) -nocturnal (night) -crepuscular (dusk/dawn) -may shift seasonally -may be age dependent |
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CIRCANNUAL
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-important for coordination of animal with long-term, annual events
-important for beh. and psych. aspects such as: hibernation food storage migration, seasonal breeding |
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EPICYCLES/ULTRADIAN RHYTHMS
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--short duration
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TIDAL RHYTHMS
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-affect activity periods in organisms
-conditions vary tremendously over tideal cycle: salinity, temp, wave action -tides are the result of unequal gravitational for the next -small crabs time their activity cycles so that they feed on sandy shore when the tides are out, return to burrows when tide is high. |
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LUNAR RHYTHMS
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-based on 29.4 day cycle of the moon.
-some marine insects coordinate mating, egglaying, with the lunar cycle. lay eggs at low tide, ensuring that larvae will hatch in the proper marine enviro |
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hibernation
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-insects.
a conditino of deep sleep and reduced metabolic activity during winter months |
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diapause
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-period of dormancy during the more rigorous parts of the climatic cycle.
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