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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Effect of Stimulation of cholinergic receptors-M3
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bronchoconstriction
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M3 Receptors location
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bronchial smooth muscle
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β2 Receptors location
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airways
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Action of inflammatory mediators on bronchial smooth muscle-
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bronchoconstriction
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How is inflammation in bronchial asthma managed
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Corticosteroids
Mast cell stabilizers |
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How is bronchoconstriction managed
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β2 Receptor Agonists
Muscarinic Receptor Antagonist Xanthine derivatives. Leucotriene Receptor Antagonist |
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Aerosol delivery of drugs(4)
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High local concentration of drug
Low systemic delivery of drugs Significantly less side effects Spacer device improves the ratio of inhaled to swallowed drug, No hand mouth coordination needed. |
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Short Acting beta2 agonist
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Salbutamol
Albuterol Terbutaline Metaproterenol MAST |
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Long acting B2 agonist
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Salmeterol
Formeterol |
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ADR β2 Agonists (5)
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Fine tremors (of the fingers of the hand)
Palpitations Dizziness Restlessness Agitation FDRAP |
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Can Glucocorticoids be used for the treatment of acute bronchoconstriction
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Glucocorticoids do not relax the bronchial smooth muscle and have no role in the treatment of acute bronchoconstriction
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MOA Glucocorticoids
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Modulation of cytokine and chemokine production
Inhibition of eicosanoid synthesis, Inhibition of accumulation of mast cells Decrease in vascular permeability |
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ADR of Glucocorticoids
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minimal
Dysphonia (voice issues) Oral candidiasis |
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How can the ADR of Glucocorticoids be prevented
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advising the Pts to gargle the mouth with saline water
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Leukotriene Receptor Blockers
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Montelukast
Zafirlukast |
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Leukotriene Synthesis Inhibitors
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Zileuton
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MOA of Leukotriene Modulators
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They act by antagonizing the actions of Leukotrienes
Inhibit bronchoconstriction Decrease microvascular leakage and mucus production They inhibit the influx of basophils and lymphocytes into the airways |
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Whats the DOC used in treatment of mild to moderate asthma for prophylaxis
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Leukotriene Modulators
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ADR of leukotriene Modulators
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raise in the liver enzyme level
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Inhibits phospholipase A2 enzyme
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Glococortocoids
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Zileuton
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Leukotriene Synthesis Inhibitor
inhibits LOX enzyme |
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Montelukast
Zafirlukast |
leukotriene receptor blockers
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MOA of xanthines
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Phosphodiesterase inhibitors – increase cyclic AMP – dephosphorylation - relaxation
Theophylline alone is an adenosin receptor antagonist |
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ADR of Xantines
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causes alertness, tremors.
CVS effects- stimulates CVS, Increases heart rate, + ve chronotropic. (narrow ther. margin) Weak diuretic effect ( Increases GFR and Reduces tubular reabsorption |
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xanthine with low therapeutic magin and dual MOA
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THEOPHYLINE
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atropium
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M3 blockers
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increase the mucociliary clearance
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m3 blockers atropium
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prevent release of inflammatory mediators
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Mast Cell Stabilizers
Sodium cromoglicate Nedocromil Sodium |
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Drug used in management os status asthmaticus
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Adrenaline
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Antitussives
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used in dry non productive cough - Codein -bad cough
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Expectorants
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used only in the management productive cough
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Expectorants MOA
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increases tracheobronchial secretions or breaks the disulfide bonds
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Expectorants drugs
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Guaiphenesin
Bromhexine Acetyl cysteine Carbocysteine |
