Respiratory

Front 1

1. Class: Beta 2 Adrenergic Agonists

Back 1

MOA: binds to beta 2 receptors which results to bronchodilation

Front 2

a. albuterol

Back 2

short term treatment; A for ACUTE

Front 3

b. salmeterol

Back 3

long term; SALMON for prevention

Front 4

1.B. side effects:

Back 4

nervousness, tremors, chest pain, palpitations

Front 5

1.C. takeaways:

Back 5

Bronchodilators first before Glucocorticoids; B before G

Front 6

2. Class: Xanthines

Back 6

MOA: increases cAMP which later results to bronchodilation

Front 7

a. theophylline

Back 7

long term control for asthma and COPD

Front 8

2.B. side effects:

Back 8

dysrhythmias, seizures

Front 9

2.C. takeaways:

Back 9

Theophylline is not used as much as others because of these SEs.

Theo (God) - you will see God early if you use this drug.

Front 10

3. Class: Anticholinergics (inhaled/nasal)

Back 10

MOA: blocks acetylcholine receptors

Front 11

a. ipratropium

Back 11

for COPD, rhinitis, and sometimes asthma; has drying effects

Front 12

3.B. side effects:

Back 12

dry mouth, bitter taste, throat or nasal irritation

Front 13

3.C. nursing implications:

Back 13

- Encourage fluid intake

- Suck candy

Front 14

4. Class: Corticosteroids (inhaled/nasal)

Back 14

MOA: decreases inflammation locally

Front 15

4.B. Drugs:

Back 15

a. beclomethasone

b. mometasone

c. budesponide

d. fluticasone

Front 16

4.C. side effects:

Back 16

headache, pharyngitis (sore throat), fungal infection from candidiasis

Front 17

4.D. nursing implications:

Back 17

- advise pt to rinse mouth to prevent infection

Front 18

5. Class: Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists

Back 18

MOA: decrease effects of Leukotrienes (inflammatory chemicals) released in response to allergens

Indication: asthma, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction

Front 19

5.B. Drugs:

Back 19

a. montelukast - take at evening/ 2 hrs before exercise

b. zafirlukast - empty stomach

Front 20

5.C. side effects:

Back 20

headache, + liver enzymes

Front 21

5.D. takeaways:

Back 21

LUKAST = decreases LEUKOtrienes

Front 22

6. Class: Antitussives

Back 22

Indication: treatment for cough

Front 23

a. benzonatate

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MOA: have anaesthetic effect on vagal nerve receptors in airway

SE: sedation, constipation, GI upset

Front 24

b. codeine

Back 24

MOA: binds to opioid receptors in CNS & decreases pt's cough reflex

SE: sedation, constipation, GI upset, respiratory depression, hypotension

Front 25

c. dextromethorphan

Back 25

MOA: supresses cough reflex in medulla

SE: dizziness, sedation

Front 26

6.B. takeaways:

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ABCD - Antitussives: Benzonatate, Codeine, Dextromethorphan

Front 27

7. Class: Expectorants

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for non productive cough

Front 28

a. guaifenesin

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MOA: reduces viscosity of secretions resulting to thinning of secretions and productive cough

Front 29

7.B. side effects:

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GI upset, dizziness

Front 30

7.C. nursing implications:

Back 30

- Encourage to take meds with a full glass of water

Front 31

8. Class: Mucolytics

Back 31

MOA: breakdown molecules in the mucus to help it become less viscous

Front 32

a. acetylcysteine

Back 32

Indications:

- for pulmonary disorders with thick mucus secretions

- antidote for acetaminophen overdose

Front 33

8.B. side effects:

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bronchospasm, nausea & vomiting, rash, smells like rotten eggs

Front 34

9. Class: Decongestants

Back 34

for rhinitis and nasal congestion

Front 35

a. pseudoephedrine

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MOA: vasoconstriction of respiratory tract mucosa

SE: nervousness, palpitations, insomnia, weakness, possible rebound congestion

Front 36

b. phenylephrine

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alternative for pseudoephedrine since the latter is an ingredient for meth

Front 37

10. Class: Antihistamines

Back 37

For allergies such as rhinitis, itchy watery eyes, sneezing, motion sickness, hives

Front 38

1st gen: dipenhydramine

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has more SEs (drying effects, sedation)

Front 39

2nd gen: loratadine, cetirizine

Back 39

MOA: blocks H1 receptors which reduces effects of histamine