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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the aim of Rosenman et al.'s research?
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To assess whether there was an association between coronary heart disease (CHD) and Type A personalities
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What was the procedure?
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3,154 men aged 39-59 assessed through structured interview to establish which personality type they had
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What were the questions the interview consisted of in regards to?
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Responses to everyday pressures i.e. "How would you cope if you had to wait in a long queue?" "Do you feel guilty if you use spare time to relax?"
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What was noted whilst the participants responded to these questions?
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Type A behavioural signs i.e. restlessness, rapid finger tapping, pace at which they spoke
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What was the purpose of this interview?
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To provide overall assessment of Type A behaviour. Combined with the responses, and general behaviour participants were categorised as Type A, B or C personalities
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What were the findings of this research?
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257 participants suffered heart attacks - 69% belonged to type A category - also suffered from high blood pressure and cholesterol
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What did Rosenman et al. conclude on the basis of these findings?
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Type A personalities have higher susceptibility to stress due to behaviour/personality traits, thus increasing likelihood of developing stress-related illnesses e.g. CHD
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What is one limitation of this study in regards to validity?
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Extraneous variables could compromise results
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What could the results being comprised lead to?
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Lower validity
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What is an example of a possible extraneous variable in this research?
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Participant's diet - research never controlled food intake; possible participants consumed salty, processed foods containing saturated and trans-fats
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What can consuming foods containing saturated and trans-fats lead to?
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Increased risk of cardiovascular problems
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What does this mean in regards to the aim of the study?
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Consumption of these foods could have been what contributed towards development of heart disease as opposed to participants having type A personalities
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What is a methodological issue in regards to generalisation?
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Culturally and gender specific - sample was middle-aged American men - definition of TAB based on Western cultural concepts
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Which study contradicts the findings of Rosenman et al.
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Shekelle et al. (1985)
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How does Shekelle et al. (1985) study contradict the findings of the Rosenman et al.' study?
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Conducted a similar experiment with male participants; assessed TAB through self-report questionnaire and structured interview
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What were the findings of the Shekelle et al. (1985) study?
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No difference in development of heart disease between type A and B groups
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Which study suggested that some Type A characteristics were more important than others?
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Booth-Kewley and Friedman (1987)
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What did Booth-Kewley and Friedman find?
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Hostility and other negative emotions was key element in linking TAB and CHD
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Which study was supportive of Booth-Kewley and Friedman's findings and why?
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Dembroski et al. (1989) - hostility strongly link to CHD than overall TAB score
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Which meta-review was supportive of Dembroski et al. (1989) study?
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Miller et al. (1996) - identified hostility as risk factor independent of TAB
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What can be concluded from these findings in regards to how TAB individuals cope with stress?
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TAB individuals seem generally capable of handing stress - suggests some of their characteristics are protective against negative stress effects
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What are the protective characteristics referred to as?
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Hardiness
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