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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Empirical Method |
-Info gained through direct observation/ experiment -Instead of unfounded beliefs -Scientific research aims for facts -Important because people can claim anything, but answers only provided through direct testing |
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Objectivity |
-Research shouldnt be affected by researcher expectations -To avoid this, conditions = carefully controlled environment e.g. Lab experiment -Lab=best means of conducting scientific research -Can establish cause + effect relationship between IV and DV |
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Replicability |
-A means of demonstrating validity by repeating an experiment/observation -A similar outcome/result affirms truth of result therefore= more valid -Especially if repeated by different researcher -To achieve such replication, scientists much record original procedure carefully so it can be repeated exactly |
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Theory of Construction |
-Explanations/theories must be constructed to make sense of facts -Theory= collection of general principles thats explains observations and facts -Such theories can help understand/ predict natural events |
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The Scientific Process: Induction |
Induction: -Involves reasoning from the particular to the general -E.g observations of a natural instance, becomes a general law/ theory -Newton's Laws based on observations he made on objects then applied this as a general rule |
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The Scientific Process: Deduction |
Deduction: -Involves reasoning from a general to the particular -Starting w/ general law/ principle, then looking for instances that can confirm this -E.g Darwin's Theory of Evolution -Formulated theory to set out tests to observe animals in nature -Sought evidence to prove his theory |
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Hypothesis Testing |
-Theories are modified through process of hypothesis testing -Essential for validity of theory to be tested -Good theory= generate testable expectations -If theory fails to find support, then the theory requires modification. |
