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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Seminiferous
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actual "sperm factories"
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Spermatogenesis
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Spermatogonium
Spermatocytes (primary/secondary) Spermatids Spermatozoa |
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Bulbourethral Glands
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pea-sized glands inferior to prostate gland; produce a thick, clear mucus, some of which drains into the spongy urethra when a man becomes sexually excited and neutralizes traces of acidic urine in urethra
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Spermatids
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Sustentacular (Sertoli) Cells
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support spermatogenesis by producing essential signaling mlecules and nutrients
make Andrgoen Binding Protein (ABP) necessary for growing spermatocytes to bind to testosterone |
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Interstitial (leydig) Cells
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make Testosterone
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Epididymus
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monitors/adjusts fluid produced by seminiferous tubules
recycles damaged spermatozoa storage/protection as spermatozoa mature |
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Ductus Deferens
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transport spermatozoa from epididymus to urethra
can store spermatozoa for several months in "suspended animation" |
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Urethra
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passageway out of body
shared by urinary and reproductive systems |
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Seminal Vessicles
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generates 60% of semen
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seminal fluid
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fructose, prostaglandins, fibrinogen
slightly alkaline |
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Prostate Gland
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generates 20 - 30% of semen
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prostatic fluid
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activates swimming of sperm celss, citrate, other enzymes
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Bulbourethral (Cowper's) Gland
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make thick, alkaline mucus => lubricates glans, neutralizes vaginal environment
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Penis
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Body: Corpora Cavernosa (2), Corpus Spongiosum (1)
Glans: many free nerve endings |
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Gondaotropin-releasing hormone
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triggers secretion of LH and FSH
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Luteinizing hormone
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goes to interstitial cells
secretion of testosterone |
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Follicle-stimulating hormone
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goes to sustentacular cells
1) synthesis of ABP 2) stimulation of spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis |
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Ovaries
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produce oocytes (eggs)
make estrogen and progesterone |
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Oogenesis
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(Ovum production) occurs in Ovarian cycle
1) primordial to primary follicles (under FSH stimulation) 2) Primary to secondary follicles (still under FSH stimulation) *Thecal and granulosa cells begin to produce ESTROGEN 3) Secondary to Mature (Graafian) Follicle 4) Ovulation (estrogen levels hit threshold which tirggers a spike of LH release, which triggers ovulation) *fertilization happens in uterine tube although it can happen in uterus 5) Formation of Corpus Luteum (produces PROGESTERONE) 6) Degeneration of C. Luteum (into C. Albicans) |
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Muscular layers of Vagina
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Endometrium
Myometrium |
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Uterine Cycle
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Endometrium undergoes changes in response to changing levels of hormones
occurs in a cyclical pattern like ovarian cycle |
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Phases of Uterine Cycle
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1) menses: degeneration because no fertilization occured
2) estrogen influenced rebuilding of lining 3) lining kept optimal for fertilization |
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Vagina
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passageway for elimination of menstrual fluid
passageway for sperm to enter during intercourse serves as part of "birth canal" through which fetus passes during delivery |
