Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is the major difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
|
endocrine glands secrete their hormones into interstitial fluid while exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts to the outside of the body
|
|
|
give an example of an exocrine gland
|
1. salivary gland
2. submandibular gland 3. sebacious oil gland etc. |
|
|
What is the function of the endocrine system?
|
to regulate body activity
|
|
|
Name the 2 discrete endocrine glands?
|
1. thyroid
2. adrenal cortex |
|
|
Who secretes erythroppoietin?
|
kidney
|
|
|
who secretes ANP?
|
atria
|
|
|
Who secretes leptin?
|
adipose cells
|
|
|
Which 2 hormones does the hypothalamus produce?
|
1. oxytocin
2. ADH |
|
|
Which hormone works on many different cells as oppose to one target cell type?
|
thyroid hormone
|
|
|
Define circulation hormones
|
hormone produced by a gland then to blood then to wherever it needs to do its job
|
|
|
what does the liver eventually do to circulation hormones?
|
inactivates and eliminates them
|
|
|
Which 2 categories are hormones classified into?
|
1. solubility
2. chemical form |
|
|
What are the three chemical forms that hormones are divided into?
|
1. proteins
2. amines 3. steroids |
|
|
What are the 2 protein hormones?
|
1. PTH
2. pituitary gland hormones |
|
|
Which hormones are included in the amines?
|
adrenal medulla hormones
|
|
|
which hormones are included in steroids?
|
1. sex hormones
2. adrenal cortex hormones |
|
|
Define Local Hormones
|
Hormones secreted by particular cell and change activity of cell that secreted them or a neighboring cell.
|
|
|
Define autocrines
|
hormones that affect the activity of the cell that secreted it
|
|
|
Define Paracrines
|
hormones that affect the cell activity of a neighboring cell
|
|
|
What hormone is the only hormone with a positive feedback loop?
|
oxytocin
|
|
|
What are the 2 regions of the pituitary gland?
|
1. anterior pituitary
2. posterior pituitary |
|
|
What is another name given to the pituitary gland?
|
hypophysis
|
|
|
What is another name given to the anterior pituitary?
|
adenohypophysis
|
|
|
What is another name given to the posterior pituitary?
|
Neurohypophysis
|
|
|
What attaches the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus?
|
infundibulum
|
|
|
What is the function of the hypophyseal portal system?
|
to carry out secretions from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary gland through veins in the infundibulum
|
|
|
What is the general function of the posterior pituitary?
|
to store and secrete hormones made by the hypothalamus
|
|
|
What are the 2 hormones secreted by the posterior pituitary?
|
1. ADH
2. Oxytocin |
|
|
What is another name for ADH?
|
vasopressin
|
|
|
Where are the target cells for ADH?
|
in the DCT and collecting tubule
|
|
|
What is the major function of ADH?
|
the reabsorption of water at the DCT and collecting duct
|
|
|
What is the problem in someone with diabetes insipidus?
|
they are not producing ADH
|
|
|
what do large amounts of alcohol do to ADH?
|
they inhibit the secretion of it
|
|
|
What are the 2 functions of oxytocin?
|
1. to maintain uterine contractions
2. responsible for milk let-down |
|
|
What is the function of the hormones that are produced in the anterior pituitary?
|
to regulate activity of other endocrine glands
|
|
|
Define tropin
|
a hormone that regulates the activity of another endocrine gland
|
|
|
What controls the anterior pituitary?
|
the hypothalamus
|
|
|
What is the "master gland?"
|
hypothalamus
|
|
|
What is another name for growth hormone (GH)?
|
somatotropin
|
|
|
What is the function of GH?
|
to stimulate body cells to grow and divide
|
|
|
What are the target cells of GH?
|
skeletal muscle cells and bone cells
|
|
|
What hormone increases cellular uptake of amino acids?
|
growth hormone
|
|
|
Which hormone stimulates ANP 1 for long growth of bone?
|
growth hormone
|
|
|
GH mobilizes fat for _________
|
gluconeogenesis
|
|
|
Secretion of GH is regulated by what?
|
releasing factors or inhibiting factors
|
|
|
What are the secondary factors involved growth hormone?
|
1. nutritional status
2. sleep 3. adolescence is when it peaks |
|
|
When is the most GH secreted?
|
during sleep
|
|
|
What are the 4 disorders of growth hormone?
|
1. giantism
2. dwarfism 3. acromegaly 4. progeria |
|
|
Define acromegaly
|
overproduction of GH in adults
|
|
|
Define Progeria
|
severe underproduction of GH in adults and children
|
|
|
Give another name for thyroid stimulating hormone
|
thyrotropin
|
|
|
What controls the secretion of TSH?
|
thyrotropin releasing factor
|
|
|
What are the 2 functions of TSH?
|
1. to stimulate normal development of the thyroid gland
2. to stimulate production of thyroid hormones |
|
|
Which 6 hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?
|
1. tropin
2. thyroid stimulating hormone 3. ACTH 4. follicle stimulating hormone 5. lutenizing hormone 6. Prolactin |
|
|
What is the function of ACTH?
|
to go to the adrenal cortex and stimulate the secretion of glucocorticoids
|
|
|
What is the full name for ACTH?
|
adrenocorticotropic hormone
|
|
|
What secondary factors stimulate secretion of ACTH?
|
1. low blood glucose
2. stress |
|
|
which releasing factor controls ACTH?
|
corticotropic RF
|
|
|
Where is corticotropic RF secreted from?
|
hypothalamus
|
|
|
What releasing factor is associated with follicle stimulating hormone?
|
gonadotropin
|
|
|
What does FSH do in ovaries?
|
1. stimulates production of estrogen
2. stimulates maturation of ovum |
|
|
What does FSH do in Testes?
|
stimulates the production of androgen binding protein, which binds to testosterone
|
|
|
Which releasing factor is associated with lutenizing hormone?
|
gonadotropin
|
|
|
What is the function of lutenizing hormone (LH) in females?
|
1. to finalize maturation of ovum
2. to maintain corpus luteum |
|
|
What does the corpus luteum produce?
|
estrogen and progesterone
|
|
|
What is another name for lutenizing hormone in the male?
|
interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH)
|
|
|
What is the function of LH in males?
|
to tell testes to secrete testosterone
|
|
|
What's another name for Prolactin
|
lactogenic hormone
|
|
|
What is the function of prolactin?
|
1. to stimulate growth an development of breast tissue
2. to initiate and maintain milk secretion from mammary glands |
|
|
what inhibits the secretion of prolactin?
|
when estrogen levels are high near the end of a menstrual cycle
|
|
|
What are the islets of langerhans and where are they found?
|
1. alpha cells
2. beta cells 3. somatostatin pancreas |
|
|
What is "going on" in diabetes mellitus?
|
insulin is unable to be secreted or there is a deficiency of active insulin
|
|
|
What re the 2 categories of diabetes mellitus?
|
Type I and Type II
|
|
|
What is Type I diabetes mellitus called?
|
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
|
|
|
What is Type II diabetes mellitus called?
|
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
|
|
|
Which diabetes mellitus is considered an autoimmune disorder?
|
type I
|
|
|
What cells do the antibodies involved in diabetes mellitus type I destroy?
|
beta cells
|
|
|
Why must you take insulin through injection and not orally???
|
because the gastric juices would denature the insulin
|
