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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the path of sperm from inside of testes to egg?
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diagram
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What type of division is meiosis? Where does it occur in females and males?
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reduction division, ovaries and testes
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What are the testes suspended in?
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Scrotum
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At what location are the sperm tightly packed together with little surrounding fluid?
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Distal portion of epididymis and the proximal portion of vas deferens.
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ARTICLE: In the article what was making a young mans so sick, the man had ligth bothering his eyes, what condition was this due to?
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(photophobia) He was drunk
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ARTICLE: When the man had to pee, he felt he had done damage to his bladder, why would he feel like that? What was this caused by?
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He had an enlarged prostate (prostatitis) bacterial infection
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ARTICLE: Pain felt at what region = prostatitis?
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perineum
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How do sperm get energy?
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seminal fluid contains fructose
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What does semen contain that helps the uterus contract? Why is it important for the uterus to contract?
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Prostaglandins, help propel the sperm forward
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How many chromosomes does a spermatogonium have? What processes does it go through to produce sperm?
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46, mitosis--> (primary spermatocyte) meiosis I--> (secondary spermatocyte) 23 chromosomes Meiosis II-->early spermatid 23 chromosomes--> sperm
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What function does the tightly coiled duct serve for the sperm?
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(epididymis) it is where they mature and become motile.
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What is the funciton of the fluid the sperm are in?
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1. Neutralizes acidity
2. Lubricant to sex 3. Contains fructose (the energy needed for sperm) |
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What type of nerves are responsible for an erection?
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autonomic nerves
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What is the primary stimulus for an erection?
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nerves in glans of penis
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The substance that causes the arterial walls to relax is activated to release by what neurotransmitter?
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(cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate) Nitric Oxide
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What closes off the bladder when erectile tissue fills with blood?
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internal urethral sphincter, makes it so no urine enters the urethra
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If the sperm are not released during sexual activity, when would they be?
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nocturnal emission/wet dream
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What is the condition for when the male gonads do not properly end up in the scrotal sacs? What are the 2 reasons this is bad? How do you treat it?
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cryptorchidism, sterility, because the internal temperature of the body is too high to produce viable sperm. 1. infertile, 2. if sperm are kept at body temp, there is an increased risk for testicular cancer. Hormonal stimulation surgery.
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How would a doctor detect damage done through a channel-like area in the pelvic muscles?
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(inguinal hernia) by inserting a gloved finger into the inguinal canal and requesting the male to do valsav'as maneuver.
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what is the tether to the testes called that is fixed?
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Gubernaculum
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What is the ideal temperature for sperm?
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cooler than normal body temp 34.4 degrees C or 94 degrees farenheit
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the reason people should wear boxers is to keep sperm at what temperature?
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94 degrees
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Where is testosterone made?
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In seminiferus tubules in testes in interstitial cells.
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What divide to produce primary spermatocytes in the sperm?
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spermatogonia
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When will the spermatogonia become haploid cell?
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when the primary spermatocyte undergo meiosis I
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How many spermatids are produced from 2 different spermatogonia?
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8
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What supports, nourishes, and regulates the process of spermatogenesis?
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sertoli cells
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What is the process of the production of sperm called? How many days does this process take?
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spermatogenesis, 74 days
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What feature does the differentiated cell that is produced by meosis II into spermatid have that stores an enzyme needed to penetrate the female oocyte?
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(sperm) the head contains a nucleus covered by a cap called the acrosome, which stores enzymes needed to penetrate the egg.
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What organelles does the sperm contain? how long do the sperm live?
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mitochondria, nucleus, do not live more than 48-72 hours
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What do the interstitial cells secrete that are located in the seminiferous tubules?
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androgens
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What is the most powerful andorgen?
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testosterone
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What is the name for the complete absence of sperm in the ejaculate? What about fewer than 1 million sperm per millimeter of semen?
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azoospermia, oligospermia
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where are androgens converted to estrogen?
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by an enzyme in the gonads and peripheral tissues.
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What are the male sex hormones secreteed by?
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(androgens) secreted by interstitial cells.
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The region of the brain surrounded by 2 masses of gray matter release a hormone that has ultimate control of the testes' sexual function, what is it?
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gonadotropin releasing hormone
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The thirst center of the brain also releases a hormone that causes the anterior pituitary to secrete hormones that control sexual function, what hormone does this?
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(hypothalamus) gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
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What is associated with the anterior pituitary gland?
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gonadotropic hormoones FSH and LH
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What is associated with the posterior pituitary gland?
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oxytocin and vasopressin or Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
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What hormone is associated with sertoli cells? Why?
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Follicle stimulating hormone, sperm are supported regulating and nourished by the process of spermatogenesis, Follicle stimulating hormone promotes the production of sperm, which is regulated by sertoli cells
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The substance that sertoli cells produces has what impact on sperm?
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(inhibin) blocks Gonadotropin releasing hormone which makes it so the gonadotropic hormones (LH and FSH) can't be released which especially FSH which promotes the production of sperm in the
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What is associated with sertoli cells+
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Inhibin, FSH, sperm, wall of seminiferous tubules, support regulate and nourish process of spermatogenesis.
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How do the cells that are found in the wall of the seminiferus tubules regulate the process of spermatogenesis?
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They produce inhibin which blocks gonadotropin stimulating hormone so less sterm will be made.
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CS: what was the method of contraception they were experimenting with in the case study in this section? Did it work?
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Male hormonal contraception (MHC),
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What do the seminiferus tubules produce?
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Sperm and inhibin
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What is associated with interstitial cells?
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Androgen, testosteroned, receeding hairline/baldness, anabolic steroids, on switch, Leutenizing hormone, big muscles, hairy
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Why is baldness associated with interstitial cells found in the testes?
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Because interstitital cells produce testosterone controlled by Leutenizing hormone in males
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what is associated with the hypothalamus and the testes?
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gonadotropin releasing hormone simulates production of LH and FSH
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As the level of testosterone falls, what does the hypothalamus do?
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stimulates the production of sperm
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What hormone is produced by the placenta that inhibits pregnancy?
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Progesterone
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CS: What MHC did they apply to Anthon's upper arm?
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testosterone and progestin
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