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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the importance of the reproductive system? |
The survival and passing on of genes to offspring. |
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Advantages of sexual reproduction? |
-New mixture of genes that increases genetic variety. -Likely to survive climatic/environmental changes- |
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wHEWE |
reproductive cells
Ovum in female Sperm in male
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Common structural and functional characteristics b/w the sexes? |
They both have organs are adapted for the production of sperm/ ova, fertilization, maturation, and birth of offspring.
They both produce hormones that lead to developmnet of sexual characteristics and create sex drive. |
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Male vs Female roles in reproduction? |
Males: produce sperm, store it, and introduce sperm
Females: produce ova, receive sperm, and permit fertilization |
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Whe do sexual maturity and the ability to reproduce occcur? |
puberty |
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Male essential organs |
Gonads
-gonads contain testes(sex glands) that produce sperm or spermatozoa.
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Male accessory organs |
Ducts Add. Sex glands External genitals |
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Ducts in male repro |
epididymus vas deferens ejaculatory duct urethra |
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Supportive sex glands in the male repro |
seminal vesicles bulbourethral (Cowpers) glands prostate gland
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External male genitalia |
scrotum penis |
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The testes are located in the |
scrotum |
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Temperature? |
the temperature in the scrotum is 1-3 degrees cooler which is necessary for gamete formation and survival. |
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Tunica Albuginea |
The white touch membrane that surrounds the testis |
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Seminiferous tube |
long coiled tubes within the lobules of the testis that make sperm. 1st stop. |
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Intersticial cells |
located in the testes near the septa of the lobules. They are responsible for secreting testosterone |
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Spermatogenesis |
the production of sperm |
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spermatogonia |
sperm stem cells in the outer each of the seminiferous tube. |
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Process of spermatogenesis |
starts with mitosis. 1. the spermatogonia divides via mitosis into two identical daughter cells with 46 chroms. FSH
2. some cells remain spermatogoniums whil others become primary spermocytes
3. Spermatocyte undergo meiosis 1 (2 daughter cells with 23 chroms) then meiosis 2 (the 2 daughter cells produce a total of four daughter cells or Spermatids).
4. Spermatids become sperm cells and release into lumen of seminiferous tube. |
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gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) |
Stimulates the release of FSH and LH. Has stimulating effect on gonads. |
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where is the genetic info from the father contained? |
In the nucleus on the head of the sperm |
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Significance of the midpiece of the sperm? |
The midpiece of the sperm contains the mitochondria that produces ATP that allows motility of the tail. |
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what stimulates the interstitial cells to secrete testosterone? |
gonadotropin LH stimulates the release of testosterone from the intersticial cells. |
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What functions do testosterone serve? |
1.Masculinizes 2. promotes and maintains male ACCESSORY organs 3. Muscular development. it's an anabolic protein steroid hormone. |
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List the accessory organs |
Epididymus, vas deferns, ejaculatory duct, urethra, seminiferous vesicle, tunice albuginea, prostage gland, cowpers gland, penis, scrotum |
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Where in the gonads is sperm produced? |
In the seminiferous tubules. |
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What is gonadotropin? |
A hormone that stimulates effects on the gonads |
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What are the general functions of testosterone? |
Masculinizes Builds muscle promotes development of male parts |
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What is the epididymus |
A long coiled tube that lies on top and behind the testes. This is where sperms pass through and develop ability to swim. |
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Epididymitis |
painful inflammation of epi due to STD. Associated with fever, redness, and WBC in urine. |
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Vas deferens |
passageway for sperm from epi, through abdominal cavity, and to the seminal vesicle. |
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The ejaculatory duct |
the junction of the seminal vesical duct and the vas def is the ejaculatory duct. this duct moves sperm to urethra.
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Seminal vesicle |
pouch like glands were 60% of seminal fluid is made. contains a thick yellow solution rich in fructose. the sugar gives energy to motile sperm. |
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The Prostate gland |
Below the bladder. Urethra passes through it. Contributes 30% to semen. Produces a milky substance that aids in sperm activation and motility |
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bulbourethral Cowpers Glands |
located in terminal end of urethra secrete lubricant that decreases friction and damage to sperm < 5% of semen |
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What are the three columns of the penis? |
1corpus spongiosum 2 corpora cavernosa
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Where do hernias usually occur in the male repo system?
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tba |
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What are the layers of the scrotum/testis? |
tba |
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glans penis or glans |
the head of penis |
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What is the loose fitting retractable collar of the penis? |
foreskin or prepuce |
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Olgliospermia? |
Low sperm count do to disruption within the seminal tubules.
Can be caused by fever, radiation, malnutrition,and high temps. Can be temporary.
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Cryptorchidism |
when fetal testicles fail to descend from up by the kidney at birth. Usually caused by hormonal imbalances. Inhibits spermatogenesis because of high temp. Corrected via injection of testosterone. |
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What condition is associated with nontender mass on testis and associated with predispostion, trauma/infection, and cryptochidism. Common in ages 15-30 |
testicular tumors |
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Benign prostatic hypertrophy |
enlargement of prostate gland common in older men. Diffucult urination. cured via prostatectomy or other methods. |
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Brachytherapy |
placing a small radioactive cancer cell destroying seed in the tumor for a year |
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Phimosis |
when foreskin is so tight it cannot be retracted and must be removed. can cause UTI |
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paraphimosis |
when foreskin cannot be retracted back to normal position and must be removed. Can cause UTI |
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How to detect prostate cancer? |
palpating rectum and PSA or prostate- specific antigen presence in the blood. Usually report difficulty urinating and sex difficulty. |
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What duct leads from the epididymus? |
the vas defernce |
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what organs produce fluid in semen? |
the seminal vesicle, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral gland. |
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What is the function of erectile tissues? |
tba |
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hypospadias vs epispadias |
urethra opening on bottom of glans opening on top of glans |
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Causes of ED |
psychological stresses neural control of penile blood vascular issues
Arteriosclerosis, diabetes, alcohol abuse, medications, radiation, spinal cord trauma, surgery. |
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Treatment for ED |
Viagra levitra Cialis Uprima |
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Hydrocele |
swelling of scrotum due to excess fluid accumulation |
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Treatments for benign prostatic hypertophy? |
prostatectomy
hormonal therapy cyrotherapy chemotherapy x-ray beam radiation treatment |
