Reproduction

Front 1

What is asexual reproduction?

Back 1

There is no fusion of gametes and only one parent. There is no mixing of genetic information, leading to genetically identical offspring (clones)

Front 2

What form of cell division is used in asexual reproduction?

Back 2

Mitosis

Front 3

What is a simple definition of sexual reproduction?

Back 3

The joining (fusion) of male and female gametes formed by meiosis.

Front 4

What does sexual reproduction involve?

Back 4

A male sex cell and a female sex cell from two parents.

Front 5

What are some examples of non-identical cells formed through sexual reproduction?

Back 5

Sperm and egg cells in animals

Pollen and egg cells in flowering plants.

Front 6

In sexual reproduction there is a mixing of genetic information. What does this lead to in the offspring?

Back 6

Variation

Front 7

What special form of cell division forms gametes

Back 7

Meiosis

Front 8

What is a haploid?

Back 8

Cells formed by meiosis that have half the number of chromosomes as a body cell.

Front 9

What is Meiosis?

Back 9

The two stages process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number of daughter cells ~ It's involved in making gametes for sexual reproduction.

Front 10

What is the genome of an organism?

Back 10

The entire genetic material of that organism.

Front 11

Why is understanding the genome important?

Back 11

- To understand inherited disorders

- To develop medicines

- To potentially fix faulty genes

- Understanding human evolution and history.

Front 12

What is the genetic material in the nucleus of a cell composed of?

Back 12

DNA

Front 13

What is DNA made up of?

Back 13

A polymer made up of two strands forming a double helix.

Front 14

What is a gene?

Back 14

A small section of DNA on a chromosome. Each gene codes for a particular sequence of amino acids, to make a specific protein.

Front 15

Homozygous

Back 15

An individual with two identical alleles for a characteristic. E.g BB or bb

Front 16

Heterozygous

Back 16

An individual with different alleles for a characteristic. E.g Bb

Front 17

Genotype

Back 17

Describes the alleles present or genetic makeup of an individual regarding a particular characteristic.

Front 18

Phenotype

Back 18

Describes the physical appearance of someone regarding a characteristic.

Front 19

Recessive alleles

Back 19

Won't be expressed if a dominant allele is there.

Front 20

Dominant alleles

Back 20

If they are present you will have that feature.

Front 21

What can you use to predict the outcome of genes?

Back 21

Punnett Square

Front 22

How many pairs of chromosomes does a human body cell contain?

Back 22

23 pairs of chromosomes

Front 23

What are the chromosome pairs for males and females?

Back 23

Males = (XY)

Females = (XX)

Front 24

Some disorders are _________.

Back 24

Inherited

Front 25

Polydactyly is a ________ phenotype caused by a ________ allele which can be inherited from either or both parents. (Same word)

Back 25

Dominant

Front 26

Cystic fibrosis is a _________ phenotype caused by a _________ allele which must be inherited from both parents. (Same word)

Back 26

Recessive

Front 27

Carriers

Back 27

Has the recessive allele but doesn't actually have the disease

Front 28

Genetic engineering

Back 28

Scientists replace faulty alleles with healthy ones to cure genetic disorders.

Front 29

What can you do to cells from embryos and fetuses to test for alleles that may cause genetic disorders?

Back 29

Embryo Screening

Front 30

Give the 4 stages of embryo screening

Back 30

- DNS is isolated from the embryo

- A fluorescent probe is mixed with the embryo DNA

- A probe then binds with the embryo DNA

- A UV light is used to show alleles / gene for disorder