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147 Cards in this Set
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buddhism |
500 BCE no godhead code important |
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Buddha |
the enlightened one siddhartha gautama of the shakya clan born 566 BC he was prince and predicted to become buddha showed the world nirvana |
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what does christian mean? |
other christ |
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what was siddhartha's life plan before becoming buddha? |
he was a prince, so his father, the king, tries to make the son's life as nice as possible so he doesn't leave, arranges marriage to princess |
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siddhartha becomes restless and saw the what? |
4 changes |
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what are the 4 changes ? |
sickness old age death wandering monk who gave up everything to help those suffering |
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after leaving a life of luxury what did he do? |
went to live a life of denial to find secret of life, decided to suffer himself his followers nursed him back to health, he then sat under a fig tree, went into deep meditation, wants to find an end to all suffering
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who was siddhartha visited by during his meditation? |
Amara, the evil one, tried to tempt him away from his virtue, tempted with his daughters, lightning, and armies with rocks |
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How siddhartha defeat the temptist? |
with his virtue, realized cause of suffering and how to end it |
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what is siddhartha now called? |
Shakyamuni Buddha |
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How did the buddhist community start? |
Buddha chooses a follower, went to Deerpark, chose 5 Holy men to become his disciples |
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what did buddha do for 45 years? |
spreading dharma, teaching, had a compassion for all, always patient, and told followers to continue work
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what did he do to a monk that was dying? |
washed him and moved him to a new bed and said "whoever serves the sick, serves me" |
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what age did siddhartha gautama pass away? |
80 after realizing he was not first or last, he spent his life teaching the way of buddha |
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what did buddha teach? |
everything changes (life), something unexpected happens when you think you are safe, believed heavily in karma, nothing happens unless we deserve it |
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who are the gods of buddhism? |
none |
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how do you cure illness? |
4 noble truths |
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what are the 4 noble truths? |
1) suffering - common to everyone, suffer from being apart from those we love, being around those we do not like 2) cause of suffering - ignorance and greed because want the wrong kind of pleasures 3) end of suffering - we need to stop causing our own suffering 4) there is a path to end suffering |
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Buddha wheel is also called ? |
dharma wheel, each spoke represents one step of the 8 fold path |
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what is the center of the dharma wheel? |
nirvana - when you practice all 8 steps |
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What are the steps of the 8 Fold Path? |
right view - right way to see the world with wisdom and compassion right thought - are what we think, clear and kind thought right speech - speaking kind and helpful, earn respect and trust right conduct - others know us by how we behave, before criticizing others, see how we act ourselves right livelihood - do not earn livelihood by harming society right effort - doing our best right mindfulness - being aware of thoughts and things said and deeds right concentration - focus on one thing at a time |
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what is following the path considered like ? |
a garden |
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triple jewel/gem |
central focus of inspiration and devotion for buddhists |
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what are the 3 parts of the triple gem? |
buddha dharma sangha - when you become part of the religious
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why does someone go to someone of the triple gem? |
go to them for refuge to feel safe, first step on the path to enlightenment |
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what are the 5 precepts? |
no killing - respect for life, have love kindness, vegetarian no stealing - learn to give no sexual misconduct - body is a gift no lying - honesty brings peace no intoxicants -
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asura |
human but still likes to fight person or animal |
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hungry ghost |
beings that suffer from constant hunger |
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hell being |
worst |
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how to escape the buddhist wheel? |
wheel keeps going if intoxicated by poisons of greed, hatred, stupidity, ignorance |
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4 steps to become buddha |
arhat - enlightens only themselves prateyaka buddha - hermit, finds life alone boddisattva - enlightens self and others buddha
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to be a buddhist you can be lay or religious by |
shunning the world shaving head wearing a simple robe
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what part of the triple gem are monks and nuns? |
sangha |
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offering bowl |
have to beg for everything you get, part of humility |
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2 main types of buddhism? |
therevada & mahayana |
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therevada buddhism |
way of elders, think they have the correct form of buddhism, little boat - b'c not many ppl fit , emphasis on arhat - personal buddhism |
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mahayana buddhism |
more progressive, 2/3 of buddhism, more people welcomed, big boat, emphasis on bodisatta |
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What are the different ways of honoring buddha? |
flowers - always bring one to statue of buddha, represents change candles - light = wisdom insense - peaceful bowl of water - purity food - giving part of yourself to buddha |
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Lotus flower |
2nd most beautiful flower, grows through roots in mud, water, rises and unfolds the perfect joy, blooms perfect beauty
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bodai tree |
tree of enlightenment |
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color of buddhist flag |
yellow, blue, red, orange, mix of everything |
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buddha day |
his birthday, full moon day in may, bathing of the buddha, water, flowers, vegetarian meals provided, captive animals set free |
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dharma day |
first full moon day in july, when buddha gave first sermon |
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sangha day |
october, therevada branch - monks and nuns go on a 3 month retreat during rainy season, lay offers robes and other necessities to them and maybe a new bowl |
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ulumbana |
September, based on cycle of buddha, pray for those to be released from suffering |
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asura |
beings who like to fight |
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bodai tree |
where buddha achieved enlightenment |
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what leads to the 8 fold path? |
4 noble truths |
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karma |
determines what life you will have next |
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lotus flower |
symbolizes purity and signifies change |
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puja |
just watch the buddha |
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sangha (term) |
community of buddhist monks and nuns |
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sanscript |
ancient language of india, wheel of life can become 5 diff. things |
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zen buddhism |
meditation |
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jainism |
extreme form of hinduism, , no divine creator, nonjudgemental and non violence |
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jina means? |
to conquer |
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what is the key to jainism ? |
ahisma everything has a soul, right to live, but every soul cannot attach to achieve siddha |
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ahisma |
non violence, vegetarian, no attachment |
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what are the 2 types religious jains? |
Suetambara - white clad, white robe Digambara - skyclad - only men |
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to become a successful jain is to become a what? |
jina |
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mahavira |
founded jainism
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how many tirthewkaras were there? |
24
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what does the word tirthewkara mean? |
bridge crossing |
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explain the last tirthewkara |
lived to be 72, starved himself |
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jina means |
conqueror - achieve state of siddha
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siddha |
become totally detached
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what do jains try to eliminate |
karma - it is an attachment |
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3 jewels of jainism |
right belief - (how you see world) right knowledge - (know) right conduct - (act) - ahisma |
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Mahavira 5 vows |
non attachment to possession no lying sexual restraint - celibacy no stealing non violence
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right belief in jainism |
compassion, forgiveness, respect |
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what does jainism stress to prevent attachment? |
controlling senses, including mind |
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why do jains limit possessions? |
non possessiveness is balance of needs and desires |
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what is the goal of jainism? |
liberating soul from negative affects of bad speech, action, and thoughts |
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jains do not worship a god, but |
look to 24 tirthewkaras |
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mahavira |
was the last of the 24 tierthewkaras, means great one, considered the founder of jainism |
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4 principles of non stealing |
always be fair never take things not offered to you never take things forgotten by others never purchase cheaper things if price is result of improper methods
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celibacy |
to conquer passion, to control senses from mind, householder must not have sensual relationship with anyone other than spouse monks, nuns - complete chastity |
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non possession |
owning without attaching munk/nun- detachment from property, home, family |
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what is the problem of an unconquered mind? |
it is in favor of attachment |
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consequences of not following jainism |
anger pride deceit greed |
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anger ruins |
relationships
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pride ruins |
humility |
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deceit ruins |
peace |
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greed ruins |
everything |
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how to conquer anger? |
forgiveness |
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how to conquer pride |
be humble |
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how to conquer deceit |
tell the truth |
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how to conquer greed |
be content with what you have |
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shinto |
religion of the japanese indigenous of japan |
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shintau |
way of the gods believe in gods as spirits, not divine, just there
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why do the shinto not cut origami paper? |
cutting tree is injuring the spirit of the paper |
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kami |
having favor with the spirits |
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who was emperor during the kamikaze stage |
Emperor Herrohito |
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tori |
2 pieces of wood up and 2 across, gateway to shrine |
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two strongest religions of japan? |
shinto and buddhism |
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what do the kami do? |
they want us to be happy, interfere with lives if treated well, bring benefits - health, success, good grades, etc |
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kamidana |
god shelf, something to worship (of gods) it is honoring the spirits not worshipping |
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explain the grounds of honoring the kami |
shinto is very local, devoted to local shrine rather than shinto as a whole |
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what is the biggest part of shintoism |
cult - ritual - not really a belief but an aspect of japanese life |
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what does shinto exist with? |
buddhism, both coincide |
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shinto means? |
chinese characters, tau means the way, shin means the divine/gods |
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what is a main part of shintoism? |
visting shrines and participating in festivals
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what is the most popular time to visit shrines? |
new years, national event |
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what kind of religion is shintoism? |
ethnic, not missionary, because do not try to convert people - somewhat like judaism |
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how does shinto see human beings? |
good |
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what does shinto not have? |
no sense of another world no scriptures no founder of shintoism no commandments - but teaches principles |
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according to the video, which god is most important |
sun god |
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from the video what 3 things are important ? |
sword mirror jewel |
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what is a shinto sport? |
sumo wrestling |
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if there is construction of a new building, what must happen? |
needs a shinto ceremony |
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matsuri |
honoring a kami, similar to bahati yoga festivals can be joyous or sorrowful, focus on a specific kami |
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misogi |
must wash face before walking into shrine, way of purifying before entering tori to honor kami |
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how did the islands of japan form? |
given creation by sun goddesses, came down from heaven, killed serpent, and gave world japan |
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does shinto have a theology? |
no, they do not have a moral code, it is all based on ritual |
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what is the code that shinto's follow? |
confucianism - family is everything order is important, male dominant
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what are the ideals of elders in shinto? |
ancestors are deeply revered and worshipped (similar to ATR religions) |
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what is all humanity considered? |
children of the kami, so considered sacred, life is precious |
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misuhi |
believers honor the harmony that the kami give, bring harmony, balance to the world |
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what is morality based on? |
the benefit of the group, what is good for the group is best right practice right sensibility right attitude |
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4 affirmations of shinto |
1. tradition and family 2. love of nature - sacred, closer to gods, natural objects - sacred spirits 3. physical cleanliness - way of being close to kami 4. Matsuri - worship and honor, enter via the tori
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what happened after WW2? |
huge changes, Japan moved away from aggressive posture and moved toward peace and creativity |
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shinto practices |
recognizes sacred places of mountains, rivers, valleys - celebrate nature each shrine is dedicated to a specific kami - only respond to dedicated prayers line of demarcation - pass tori - going into place of worship wash in river near shrine, now just face and hands
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what are animals considered? |
messengers of god |
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kamainu |
dogs represent guardians of the kami, statues placed on each side before going past the tori |
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Mamori |
some shinto wear this, necklace, charm, acts as an aid of healing and protection |
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when should followers go to shrines? |
expected to go in big moments of life, always november |
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shinto priests |
channel kami to the people |
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movement of shinto |
give up a meal once a month and offer to charity |
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different kinds of shinto |
Imperial Shrine Sectarian Folk |
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Imperial shinto |
rituals performed by emperor and they define unity and state of the people - male and female clergy assist |
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shrine shinto |
largest type emperor viewed as a divine living god, Shinto Shrine Association, 80,000 shrines |
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what are the 3 edicts of shrine shinto? |
1. to be grateful for blessings of kami 2. to be helpful to others of world through service without reward 3. to find oneself with others praying country may flourish, and other people to live in peace and harmony |
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sectarian shinto |
(sect) or section. 13 sects. founded by individuals, own beliefs and doctrines, worship of own central deity, some follow monotheism - one kami |
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folk shinto |
rural shinto, no creed, small images on side of road, agriculture, individual families follow, select a lei man who is responsible for worshipping the local kami tolerant and respects other religions |
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why can someone not from japan not become a shinto |
no holy book to help a person learn about a religion shinto is transmitted generation to generation, learn from experience |
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sikhism |
1400's hybrid faith between islam and hinduism 5th largest religion in the world, 20 mil. |
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what is a sikh ? |
disciple - follows writings and teachings of 10 Sikh Gurus most accepting people in the world, no put down of other faiths |
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philosophy of sikhs? |
- only one god, same god of all - reincarnation - live life of householder - honest living - condemns blind rituals, fasting, visiting places of pilgrimage, superstitions, worshipping of dead - preaches that everyone is equal |
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founder of sikh religion? |
Guru Nanak, preached a message of love and understanding |
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who was the final living guru? |
Guru Gobind Singh, established the khalsa order, meaning pure |
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after gobind singh died, what did he do? |
appointed his spiritual successor as Sri Guru Granth Sahib, physical successor of the khalsa contained writings of saints of other faiths consistent with the thoughts of the sikh gurus |
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gurdwara |
sikh temple, safe to read the guru granth sahib here also can read at home |
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spiritual evolution of a sikh |
manmukh - self centered, oblivious to god sikh - anyone who sets out on path of learning khalsa - total dedication to sikhism gurmukh - totally god centered, one who has achieved mukhti |
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mukhti |
salvation |
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physical articles of faith of sihkism |
kesh - long unshorn hair dastar - turban khanga - comb kara - steel bracelet kachha - drawers kirpan - ceremonial sword |
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rules for a khalsa |
- only worship god - only believe holy guru granth sahib book - not believe in castes - remain distinct by wearing 5 K's, but not injuring other faiths - pray to god before starting other work - learn punjabi to teach kids - male - singh, famale - kaur - add to end of name - never remove hair from body - drugs, smoking, alc never allowed - no piercings - honest labour and give to poor - never steal or gamble - no restrictions of dress of a khalsa, but must me modest and simple, also wear kachha and turban though
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khanda |
symbol of sikhs (like cross to christians) |
