Religion 1100 / Test 2

Front 1

Seal of the Prophets

Back 1

Muhammad is God's final prophet. There will be no more prophets after Muhammad

Front 2

Allah

Back 2

"the God"

Front 3

Night of Power

Back 3

strange peace pervaded creation and all nature was turned toward its Lord in the middle of that night. the book was opened to a ready soul.

Front 4

Hijra

Back 4

year 622. migration regarded by Muslims as the turning point in world history and is the year which they calendar from.

Front 5

Al Qur'an

Back 5

"recitations" in poetry of revelations Muhammad received. orally transmitted and committed to writing c. 650 // authority for religious doctrine and social organization.

Front 6

Shahada

Back 6

first five pillars of Islam, Islam's creed of confession of faith

Front 7

Salat

Back 7

ritual prayer of Muslims, performed five times daily.

Front 8

Zakat

Back 8

obligatory payment made annually under Islamic law on certain kinds of property and used for charitable and religious purposes.

Front 9

Hajj

Back 9

Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in last month of the year. All Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime.

Front 10

Saum or Sawm

Back 10

fasting from dawn until dusk during Ramadan one of the 5 pillars of Islam.

Front 11

Mecca

Back 11

birthplace of Muhammad; spiritual center of Islam

Front 12

Medinat-al-Nabi

Back 12

"the city of the Prophet"

Front 13

Night Journey into Heaven

Back 13

one night Muhammad was sent on a white horse to Heaven with God

Front 14

Ka'ba

Back 14

cuboid building at center of Islam's most sacred mosque in Mecca, most sacred site in Islam.

Front 15

Jihad

Back 15

concept of a holy war, in which the martyrs who die are assured of Heaven

Front 16

Sufi

Back 16

Muslim ascetic and mystics

Front 17

Sharia

Back 17

codification of Islamic law; guide to proper behavior. based off of Quran, hadith, logical schools of analysis. extends beyond ritual law to all areas of human activity.

Front 18

Sunni

Back 18

one of two main branches of Islam, commonly described as Orthodox and differing from Shia in its understanding of the Sunna and in its

acceptance of the first 3 caliphs

Front 19

Shia

Back 19

one of the two main branches of Islam, followed especially in Iran, rejects the first three caliphs of sunni and regards Ali as Muhammad's first true successor

Front 20

Dome of the Rock

Back 20

shrine located on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem

Front 21

Second Temple

Back 21

a period of time that lasts about six hundred years. ended with the destruction of the Jerusalem temple.

Front 22

Western Temple

Back 22

a wall in Jerusalem where Jews, on certain occasions, assemble for prayer and lamentation

Front 23

Exodus

Back 23

"going out" mass departure of people

Front 24

Mt. Sinai

Back 24

mentioned in the book of exodus in the Torah, the Bible, and the Quran

Front 25

Decalogue

Back 25

the ten commandments

Front 26

Babylonian Exile

Back 26

the period in Jewish history during which a number of Jews of the ancient Kingdom of Judah were captives in Babylonia

Front 27

Cyrus the Great

Back 27

founder of Persian empire

Front 28

Tanakh

Back 28

Hebrew scriptures

Front 29

Torah

Back 29

Hebrew term means the "teaching" canonized as early as fifth century bc

Front 30

Nevi'im

Back 30

Prophets; canonized in the second century bc

Front 31

Ketuvim

Back 31

third and final section of the Tanakh

Front 32

Talmud

Back 32

the body of Jewish civil and ceremonial law and legend comprising the Mishnah and the Gemara. There are two versions of the Talmud: the Babylonian Talmud (which dates from the 5th century AD but includes earlier material) and the earlier Palestinian or Jerusalem Talmud.

Front 33

Synagogue

Back 33

the building where a Jewish assembly or congregation meets for religious worship and instruction.

Front 34

Bat Mitzvah

Back 34

girls age 12. daughter of the commitment

means one responsible for child's obedience to the law prior to these events

Front 35

Bar Mitzvah

Back 35

boys age 13. son of commitment.

means one responsible for child's obedience to the law prior to these events

minyah means a boy can then count as one of the 10 adult males required for a synagogue service

Front 36

Passover Seder

Back 36

a Jewish ritual feast that marks the beginning of the Jewish holiday of Passover