R&d Quiz #3

Front 1

the difference in risk for the outcome between an exposed and unexposed group in a cohort study. also called the risk difference

Back 1

attributable risk

Front 2

the population at risk for the outcome who, if they were to have the disease or event, would be selected to be a case-control study

Back 2

base population

Front 3

research design that compares the frequency of exposure along cases that experience an outcome event and controls who do not have the outcome event

Back 3

case-control study

Front 4

observational study wherein two groups, exposed and unexposed, are followed over a period of time until the development of the outcome of interest

Back 4

cohort study

Front 5

a factor in a study that is associated with both the exposure (e.g. treatment) and the outcome. also called confounding factor

Back 5

cofounder

Front 6

in a case study, those subjects who do not have the outcome event or disease

Back 6

controls

Front 7

studies that incorporate closed cohorts with fixed follow-up times

Back 7

fixed cohort

Front 8

process of making the cases and controls similar (or balanced) with regard to a confounding factor in a case-control study

Back 8

matching

Front 9

a type of population-based case-control study where the study is nested within a cohort study

Back 9

nested case-control

Front 10

cohort in which subjects can enter and dropout over time and contribute variable follow-up time for the duration they are in the cohort

Back 10

open cohort

Front 11

a study design whereby groups of similar individuals (cohorts) that differ with respect to the factors being studied are followed over time to determine how these factors affect the occurrence of the outcome of interest in the groups

Back 11

prospective cohort study

Front 12

a type of cohort study that involves the use of previously collected (historical) data to identify exposure status and occurrence of outcome in the study group. also referred to as a historical cohort study

Back 12

retrospective cohort study

Front 13

when it is not clear whether the exposure affects the disease or the disease affects the exposure

Back 13

temporal ambiguity

Front 14

the effect of the treatment on disease outcomes in typical clinical settings

Back 14

effectiveness

Front 15

the effect of a treatment on disease outcomes in ideal settings

Back 15

efficacy

Front 16

a ratio of two odds, compares the odds of exposure for cases and controls in a case control study

Back 16

odds ratio

Front 17

data collected directly from subjects for the purpose of a study

Back 17

primary data

Front 18

ratio that compares the rate of the outcome in the exposed group relative to that in the unexposed. also called relative risk

Back 18

rate ratio

Front 19

ratio that compares the risk of the outcome in the exposed group relative to that in the unexposed in a cohort study. also called relative risk

Back 19

risk ratio

Front 20

data obtained from existing records or data so it sources

Back 20

secondary data