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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Threats to plants |
Weather, viruses, bacteria, fungi, animals, and other plants. |
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Dermal Tissue System |
Layers of lipid materials protect exposed plant surfaces from water loss and some forms of attack. Consist of structures such as wax, bark, thorns, and spines. |
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Chemical toxins |
Over 3,000 species of plants produce cyanide-containing compounds which can kill by preventing electron transport in cellular respiration. There are multiple types of toxin types in plants. |
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Alakaloids |
(Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, and morphine) can cause over-stimulation, sedation, or even death. |
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Tannins |
Compounds that bind to proteins and inactivate them. These typically cause digestive distress, thus making the attacker associate the plant as being unpalatable. |
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Oils |
(Peppermint,sage) can act as natural insect repellent. |
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Methods of storing toxins in plants |
Membrane bound vesicles and Metabolic activation. |
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Allelopathy |
Toxins secreted from the roots of a plant to block the germination of another. |
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Plants containing bodyguards |
Acacia trees and Parasitoid wasps |
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Auxin |
Plant hormone that stimulates root and shoot elongation by inducing cell division. |
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Cytokinins |
Plant hormone that stimulates cytokinesis. Produced in actively growing tissues such as roots, embryos, and fruits. |
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Gibberellins |
Plant hormone that stimulates stem elongation, leaf growth, fruit growth, pollen production, and seed germination. |
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Brssinosteroids |
Plant hormones that are similar to the sex hormones of animals. Promote cell expansion, division, and seed germination. |
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Abscisic Acid |
A plant hormone that inhibits growth, close stomata, promotes seed dormancy, and desiccation tolerance. |
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Ethylene |
Produced in responses to stress (drought, flooding, injury). Promotes fruit ripening, dropping leaves. |
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Photomorphogenesis |
A non-directional, light triggered development. |
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Phototropisms |
Direction responses, and are often triggered by red light receptors. Stems will grow toward light. |
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Gravitropism |
Plant response to gravity, such as when a plant will grow up after being tipped over, or roots growing down in the ground. |
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Thigmotropism |
A directional growth response of a plant or plant part to contact with an object, animal, plant, or wind. |
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Turgor Movement |
Plant movement that is based on the turgor pressure. |
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Pulvini |
Multicellular swellings at the base of each leaf or leaflet. |
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Circadian Rhythms |
A "biological clock" that most organisms contain, based on a rhythm that is "set" every 23 or 24 hours. |
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Dormancy |
The ability to enter a dormant phase provides a survival advantage during harsh conditions. |
