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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pathology Defined S2 According to Nancy's PowerPoint, how is pathology defined? |
Pathology is the scientific study of the
• nature of disease & causes • processes, • development, • consequences. |
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Pathology Defined S2
In radiographic pathology, what factors must increase or decrease which would cause a change in the overall appearance of the radiograph due to the change of tissue composition? |
Increase or decrease in: • tissue thickness • effective atomic number • tissue density |
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Body Habitus S3 Describe the sthenic patient How much of the US population do sthenic patient make up? |
Strong, active, average.
50%. |
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Body Habitus S3 Describe the asthenic patient How much of the US population do asthenic patient makeup? |
Small, frail, elderly. 10%. |
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Body Habitus S3
Describe the hyposthenic patient
How much of the US population do hyposthenic patient make up? |
Thin but healthy.
5%. |
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Body Habitus S3 Describe the hypersthenic patient How much of the US population do hypersthenic patient make up? |
Obese, overweight. 35%. |
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Body Habitus S4 Which body habitus are radiographic technique charts based upon? How much does this body habitus make up in the population of the United States? |
They are, most of the time, based on sthenic patients; which make up about 50% of the population.
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Body Habitus S4 How does body habitus affect the selection of technical factors? |
For a hyperstatic patient, an increase in technique might be necessary.
For a hypothetic patient, an increasing technique might not be necessary but a decrease in technique will. |
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Body Habitus S4 Is medical imaging limited by a body habitus? |
No.
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Body Habitus S4 What must technologists consider for table, detectors, and gurney when talking about a patient who is more hypersthenic? |
The technologist must consider the x-ray weight limits, and specifically, be cautious about allowing the patient to stand on the detectors.
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Body Habitus S6 Increasing exposure time can improve image quality, but it can cause motion artifacts; true or false? |
TRUE. |
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Body Habitus S6 True or false, raising the x-ray to voltage and current increases the penetration through excess tissue an improved and improves image contrast. |
FALSE. Increasing the tube voltage and current increase the scatter radiation that will result thus reducing image contrast, |
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Body Habitus S6 Increasing to current or exposure time increases the radiation dose to the patient; true or false? |
TRUE. |
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Body Habitus S6 True or false; Image quality on playing radiographs and fluoroscopy is limited by attenuation and increased photon scatter as the beam penetrates through larger patients. |
TRUE. As we increase killer voltage, the Image will result in a more lower contrasted image. |
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Body Habitus S7 How is pathology determined? |
• reacquisition • patient history • patient interview • patient observation |
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Body Habitus S7 What is tissue opacity? |
This is when the tissue is lacking transparency or translucency; but more so, increase opaqueness. |
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Radiographic Pathology S8 What is a condition called when there is an increase in tissue thickness, effective atomic number, and tissue density? |
Constructive or additive pathology.
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Radiographic Pathology S8 Constructive or additive pathology results in increased or decreased tissue thickness, effective atomic number and tissue density? Based on your answer, do these factors increase or decrease? (1) beam attenuation (2) tissue opacity (3) scatter radiation production |
INCREASED. (1) beam attenuation is increased. (2) tissue capacity is increased; therefore it lacks lucency and transparency more so it is more opaque. (3) scatter radiation production increases due to in the increase of an interaction with Master. |
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Radiographic Pathology S8 Constructive or additive pathology results in increased or decreased tissue thickness, effective atomic number and tissue density? Based on your answer, do these factors increase or decrease? • exit/imaging forming radiation • radiographic density/brightness • radiographic contrast |
INCREASED. • exit/imaging farming radiation decrease. • radiographic density/brightness decreases due to Image forming x-rays not reaching the IR. • radiographic contrast decreases. |
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Radiographic Pathology S8 Additive or constructive pathology required increase or decrease in exposure technique? |
INCREASE. |
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Radiographic Pathology S8 Normal body habitus also applies to what type of patient that exhibits additive or constructive pathology. |
HYPERSTHENIC. |
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Radiographic Pathology S8 Destructive pathology results in increased or decreased tissue thickness, effective atomic number and tissue density? Based on your answer, do these factors increase or decrease? (1) beam attenuation (2) tissue opacity (3) scatter radiation production |
DECREASED. (1) beam attenuation decreases (2) tissue opacity decreases therefore it is more translucent and more transparent and less radiopaque (3) scatter production will decrease |
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Radiographic Pathology S8 Destructive pathology results in increased or decreased tissue thickness, effective atomic number and tissue density? Based on your answer, do these factors increase or decrease? • exit/imaging forming radiation • radiographic density/brightness • radiographic contrast |
DECREASED. • increased exit/imaging forming radiation. • increase radiographic density/brightness. • increased radiographic contrast; shorter scale |
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Radiographic Pathology S8 Which body habitus would you associate the patient went having destructive pathology? |
Asthenic patient.
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Radiographic Pathology S8 Patients who have constructive or additive pathology, are usually associated with what type of normal body habitus? |
Muscle patients.
Hypersthenic patients. |
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Radiographic Pathology S9 For patients who have additive or constructive pathology, what exposure technique must increase or decrease, And by how much? |
increase kVp by 5 to 15%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S9 For patients who have destructive pathology, what type of body habitus also applies to this type of patient? |
Infants, children, elderly.
Asthenic patients Underdeveloped patients. |
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Radiographic Pathology S9 For a patient who has destructive pathology, what exposure technique must be increased or decreased and by how much? |
DECREASE mAs by 25 to 50%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S10 If tissue swelling is demonstrated, does the expose you need to change? Explain why. |
Not necessarily. If the thickness of the part was not changed by the pathological condition that the patient is exhibiting, a change in exposure might not be necessary.
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Radiographic Pathology S10 What must you associate a constructive pathology with in order to ensure an exposure technique change is required? (for test purpose) |
Associate constructive pathology with FLUID. |
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Radiographic Pathology S11 In additive/constructive pathology; What happens to tissue thickness, effective atomic number, and/or tissue density? |
Tissue thickness is increased.
Effective atomic number is increased. Tissue density is increased. |
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Radiographic Pathology S11
In additive/constructive pathology; what happens to be beam attenuation? |
Beam attenuation is increased. |
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Radiographic Pathology S11 In additive/constructive pathology; what happens to image forming radiation and therefore radiographic density/brightness without an exposure change? |
Decreased image forming rays.
Decreased density. Increased brightness. |
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Radiographic Pathology S11 In additive/constructive pathology; what happens to scatter production and therefore, radiographic contrast? |
Increased scatter radiation.
Decreased contrast. |
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Radiographic Pathology S11 In additive/constructive pathology; how should a radiographer and just exposure technique? |
INCREASE kVp by 5% to 15%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S12 In destructive pathologies, what happens to tissue thickness, effective atomic number, and/or tissue density? |
Tissue thickness is decreased.
Effective atomic number. is decreased. Tissue density is decreased. |
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Radiographic Pathology S12 In destructive pathologies, what happens to be my attenuation? |
Beam attenuation is decreased. |
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Radiographic Pathology S12 In destructive pathologies, what happens to exit radiation and therefore radiographic density/brightness without an exposure change? |
Increase exit radiation.
Increased density. Decrease brightness. |
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Radiographic Pathology S12 In destructive pathologies, what happened to scatter production and therefore radiographic contrast? |
Scatter production is reduced.
Contrast is increased. |
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Radiographic Pathology S12 In destructive pathologies, how should a radiographer adjust exposure technique? |
Decrease mAs by 25% to 50%.
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Radiographic Pathology S13 Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung resulting in fluid retention in alveolar sac. Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? |
Constructive. Increase kVp by 5% to 15%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S13 Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? San Joaquin Valley fever is a condition in which lung capacity increases, and may be grandular in appearance. |
Constructive.
Increase kVp by 5% to 15%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S13 Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? Emphysema is a pathology and which interstitial tissues of the lung (alveolar air sacs) do not exchange well and air trapping occurs. |
Destructive.
Decrease mAs by twenty 25% to 50%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S13 Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? Bronchial adenoma is pulmonary cancer which leads to increased capacity. |
Constructive/additive.
Increase kVp by 5% to 15%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S13 Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? Atelectasis is a collapsed lung which adds capacity to the individual's lungs. |
Constructive/additive. Increase kVp by 5 to 15%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S20 Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? Pneumothorax is free air in the plural cavity. |
Destructive.
Decrease mAs by 25% to 50%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S21. Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? Hydrothorax and hemothorax is a condition in which excessive fluid retention in the long membrane occur, |
Constructive/Additive.
Increase kVp by 5% to 15%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S22 Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? Pleural effusion is when the left side or right side of the lung are opaque with fluid and the right side shift along with mediastinal structures. |
Constructive/additive.
Increase kVp by 5% to 15%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S24 Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? Cardiomegaly, hypertension on congestive heart failure result in heart enlargement and heart enlargement with prominent extension of vascular system leading to increased capacity. |
Constructive/additive.
Increased beam attenuation. Increase kVp by 5% to 15%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S25 Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? Pulmonary edema is a condition in which serious fluid accumulation it Is within the lung parenchyma leading to increased capacity. |
Constructive/additive. Increased beam attenuation Increase kVp by 5% to 10%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S25 Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? Rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis results in decreased capacity and bone density due to the inflammation of the articulation/joints. |
Destructive.
Decreased beam attenuation. Decrease mAs by 25% to 50%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S26 Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? Osteoporosis leads to decreased bone production; degenerative condition. |
Destructive.
Decreased the beam attenuation. Decrease mAs by 25 to 50%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S26 Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? Multiple myeloma is that the generative condition with bone self-destructing. |
Destructive.
Decreased beam attenuation Decrease mAs by 25 to 50%. |
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Radiographic Pathology S27 Based on this description, is this a constructive or destructive pathology? How was technique altered? Bowel instruction leads to dilated loops of bowel. |
Destructive.
Increase kVp by 5% to 15%. |
