Race And Ethnic Groups Chapter 2 And 3

Front 1

the tendency to assume that one's culture and way of life are superior to all others

Back 1

ethnocentrism

Front 2

crime when offenders are motivated to choose a victim because of some characteristic such as race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orietation, etc.

Back 2

hate crime

Front 3

a negative attitude toward an entire category of people (involves attitudes, thoughts, and beliefs, not actions)

Back 3

prejudice

Front 4

ethnic slurs or speaking to or about members of a particular group in a condescending way

Back 4

ethnophaulisms

Front 5

the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons

Back 5

discrimination

Front 6

four major categories of Merton's typology

Back 6

the unprejudiced nondiscriminator
the unprejudiced discriminator
the prejudiced nondiscriminator
the prejudiced discriminator

Front 7

theory of prejudice saying that some expressions of prejudice are so that people can blame other and refuse to accept responsibility, prejudiced people believe they are society's victims

Back 7

scapegoating theory

Front 8

theory of prejudice saying that this personality type is most likely to develop prejudice:
adheres to conventional values
uncritical acceptance of authority
concern with power and toughness

Back 8

authoritarian personality theory

Front 9

theory of prejudice that says racial prejudice is used to justify keeping a group in a subordinate economic position

Back 9

exploitation theory

Front 10

takes the view that prejudice is influenced by societal norms and situations that encourage or discourage the tolerance of minorities

Back 10

normative approach

Front 11

unreliable generalizations about all members of a groups that do not take individual differences into account

Back 11

stereotypes

Front 12

any police-initiated behavior based on race, ethnicity, or national origin rather than the person's behavior

Back 12

racial profiling

Front 13

the use of race-neutral principles to defend the racially unequal status quo

Back 13

color-blind racism

Front 14

hostility between specific subordinate groups; members of oppressed groups adopting the widely held beliefs of the dominant culture concerning other oppressed groups

Back 14

intergroup hostility

Front 15

the tendency to approach or withdraw from a racial group

Back 15

social distance

Front 16

scale that measures social distance empirically

Back 16

Bogardus scale

Front 17

states that intergroup contact between people of equal status in harmonious circumstances will cause them to become less prejudiced and to abandon previously held stereotypes

Back 17

contact hypothesis

Front 18

the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons

Back 18

discrimination

Front 19

the conscious experience of a negative discrepancy between legitimate expectations and present actualities

Back 19

relative deprivation

Front 20

below the fixed standard based on a minimum level of subsistence below which families should not be expected to exist

Back 20

absolute deprivation

Front 21

refers to current discrimination operating in the labor market and past discrimination

Back 21

total discrimination

Front 22

the denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups that results from the normal operations of a society

Back 22

institutional discrimination

Front 23

secondary labor market affecting many members of racial and ethnic minorites which consists of transfers of money, goods, or services that are not reported to the government

Back 23

informal economy (or irregular or underground economy)

Front 24

divides the economy into two realms of employment, the secondary one being populated primarily by minorities working at menial jobs

Back 24

dual or split labor market

Front 25

the pattern of discrimination against people trying to buy homes in minority and racially changing neighborhoods

Back 25

redlining

Front 26

salaries and wages

Back 26

income

Front 27

all of a person's material assets, including land, stocks, and other types of property

Back 27

wealth

Front 28

the efforts to ensure that hazardous substances are controlled so that all communities receive protection regardless of race or socioeconomic circumstance

Back 28

environmental justice

Front 29

the positive effort to recruit subordinate group members, including women, for jobs, promotions, and educational opportunities

Back 29

affirmative action

Front 30

term referring to government actions that cause better-qualified white men to be bypassed in favor of women and minority men

Back 30

reverse discrimination

Front 31

the barrier that blocks the promotion of a qualified worker because of gender or minority membership

Back 31

glass ceiling

Front 32

keep women or minority workers from moving laterally into jobs that might lead to broader experience and advancement

Back 32

glass walls

Front 33

refers to the male advantage experienced in occupations dominated by women

Back 33

glass escalator