Quarterly Test 1 Biology

Front 1

What are the 4 criteria for life?

Back 1

All life forms contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

All life forms have a method by which they extract energy from the surroundings and convert it into energy that sustains them

All life forms can sense changes in their surroundings and respond to those changes

All life forms reproduce

Front 2

An organism is classified as an omnivore. Is it a heterotroph or an autotroph? Is it a producer, consumer, or decomposer?

Back 2

Omnivores eat plants and nonplants. This means they depend on other organisms for food, making them heterotrophs, which are also known as consumers.

Front 3

A scientist observes a process and then comes up with an idea that he or she thinks explains that process. At that point, is the idea a hypothesis, theory, or scientific law?

Back 3

The idea is a hypothesis. Until it is tested wit a lot of data, it cannot become a theory.

Front 4

Name the classification groups in our hierarchical classification scheme in order.

Back 4

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Front 5

An organism is a multi-cellular decomposer made of eukaryotic cells. To what kingdom does it belong?

Back 5

It belongs in kingdom Fungi. Since it is multicellular, it is not in Monera or Protista. In addition, it is not in Plantae because it is not an autotroph, and it is not in Animalia because animals are consumers. Kingdom Fungi contains the majority of decomposers in creation.

Front 6

An organism is a single-celled consumer made of prokaryotic cells. To what kingdom does it belong?

Back 6

It is in kingdom Monera.

Prokaryotic cells belong to this kingdom.

Front 7

What is the difference between an aerobic process and an anaerobic process?

Back 7

Aerobic processes use oxygen, while anaerobic processes do not.

Front 8

What do most bacteria use for locomotion?

Back 8

Most bacteria use flagella for locomotion

Front 9

What is the main mode of reproduction in bacteria?

Back 9

Asexual reproduction is the main form of reproduction among bacteria.

Front 10

Briefly describe conjugation in bacteria.

Back 10

Conjugation passes a trait from one bacterium to another via a small strand of DNA called a plasmid.

Front 11

Even though conjugation among bacteria does not result in offspring, it can significantly affect the population of a bacteria growth. Why?

Back 11

If the trait that is passed by the plasmid allows bacteria to survive when they otherwise wouldn’t it will increase the population.

Front 12

What are the technical names of the three common bacterial shapes?

Back 12

Coccus (spherical)
Bacillus (rod shaped)
Spirillum (helical)

Front 13

What is the function of a contractile vacuole? What is the difference between this and a food vacuole?

Back 13

A contractile vacuole collects excess water in a cell and expels it to reduce the pressure inside the cell. This keeps the cell from exploding. The food vacuole, on the other hand, stores food while it is being digested and has nothing to do with excess water or pressure.

Front 14

Name at least two pathogenic organisms from kingdom Protista.

Back 14

Entamoeba histolytica
Trypanosome
Balantidium coli
Plasmodium
Toxoplasma

Front 15

For each of the phyla below, list the means of locomotion employed by the organisms in that phylum:

Sarcodina:

Back 15

pseudopods

Front 16

For each of the phyla below, list the means of locomotion employed by the organisms in that phylum:

Mastigophora:

Back 16

flagella

Front 17

For each of the phyla below, list the means of locomotion employed by the organisms in that phylum:

Ciliophora:

Back 17

cilia

Front 18

What is mutualism?

Back 18

In mutualism, two or more organisms live together in a mutually beneficial way.

In many cases of mutualism, it is impossible for one organism to live without the other.

Front 19

Which phylum (Sarcodina, Mastigophor, Ciliophora, Sporozoa, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Pyrrophyta, Phaeophyta, Rodophyta) contains the organisms responsible for most of the photosynthesis that occurs on earth? What generic term is used to refer to these organisms.

Back 19

Phylum Chrysophyta contains the diatoms, which are responsible for most of the world’s photosynthesis

Front 20

What two phyla (see the list in the question below) contain mostly macroscopic algae?
(Which phylum (Sarcodina, Mastigophor, Ciliophora, Sporozoa, Chlorophyta, Chrysophyta, Pyrrophyta, Phaeophyta, Rodophyta) contains the organisms responsible for most of the photosynthesis that occurs on earth? What generic term is used to refer to these organisms.)

Back 20

Phylum Phaeophyta and phum Rhodophyta contain mostly macroscopic algae.

Front 21

Many biologists say that a mushroom is much like an iceberg, because only about 10% of an iceberg is visible from the surface of the ocean. What do they mean?

Back 21

Typically, we see only the fruiting body of a mushroom. Like an iceberg, that visible part is only a small fraction of the total mushroom, because the mycelium is the largest component of a mushroom.

Front 22

You observe the mycelium of a fungus under a microscope and notice no distinct cell walls but several cell nuclei. Is the mycelium composed of septate hyphae or nonseptate hyphae?

Back 22

The fungus is composed of nonseptate hyphae, because nonseptate do not have distinct cell walls but have distinct nuclei.

Front 23

What is the function of each of the following specialized hyphae?

Rhizoid hyphae

Back 23

Rhizoid hyphae support the fungus and digest the food

Front 24

What is the function of each of the following specialized hyphae?

Stolon

Back 24

A stolon asexually reproduces

Front 25

What is the function of each of the following specialized hyphae?

Sporophore

Back 25

A sporophore releases spores for reproduction

Front 26

What is the function of each of the following specialized hyphae?

Haustorium

Back 26

A haustorium invades the cells of a living host to absorb food directly from the cytoplasm

Front 27

What phylum contains fungi that do not have a known mode of sexual reproduction?

Back 27

Phylum Deuteromycota contains the imperfect fungi, which have no known mode of sexual reproduction.

Front 28

Name a pathogenic fungus and the malady that it causes? Name only 1

Back 28

Rusts – crop damage
Smuts – crop damage
Ergot of rye (Claviceps purpurea) – death
Cryphonectria parasitica – chestnut blight
Ophiostoma ulmi – Dutch elm disease
Synchytrium endobioticum –potato wart

Front 29

When a slime mold reproduces, it resembles organisms from what kingdom?

Back 29

When a slime mold reproduces, it resembles organisms from kingdom Fungi.

Front 30

Name a form of mutualism in which fungi participate. Describe the relationship and the job of each participant in that relationship. Name only 1 relationship.

Back 30

Fungi participate in mutualism by forming lichens and mycorrhizae.

A lichen is a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and an alga.

The alga produces food for both creatures via photosynthesis, and the fungus supports and protects the alga.

Mycorrhizae are mutualistic relationships between a fungus’s mycelium and a plant’s root system.

The mycelium takes nutrients from the root, while it collects minerals from the soil and gives it to the root.