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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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common cause of subq nodules in dorsum of right hand & below right knee w/history of metabolic problems? What is decreased?
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Familiarl hypercholesterolemia
autosomal dominant defective LDL receptor gene |
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circumoral mucocutaneous macules w/abdominal discomfort in 12 yo?
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Peutz-Jegher
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nuclear indentations & scalloping of nuclear membrane?
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liposarcoma
produce non-membrane bound cytoplasmic lipid (lipoblasts) |
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flaccid, easily ruptured bullae appearing in oropharynx & diffusely on trunk & extremities?
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Pemphigus vulgaris
IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein 1 & 3 in the desmosomal junctions |
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bad side effects of cyclosporine? (on physiology)
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nephrotoxicity w/dose & duration dependent rise in serum BUN & creatinine
increased BP |
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what is metoclopramide? Used for? Contraindicated in?
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it's D2 antagonist that is used to tx vomiting or gastric stasis
contraindicated in Parkinson's, can even cause de novo sx |
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take amniotic fluid & shake w/ethanol?
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foam stability index indicates surfactant functionality
find the highest value well (serial dilution) that contains stable ring of foam |
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do water soluble or lipid soluble drugs NOT cross the placenta?
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water soluble cross less readily (heparin for example)
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essential virulence factor for nesseriea?
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pili
also has capsule, but pili are essential for establishing infeciton |
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lesion causing upward gaze palsy? Structure? Location? Name?
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pineal gland
midline structure dorsal to superior colliculus & between thalamic bodies Parinaud syndrome - tumors of pineal gland may lesion midbrain in region of superior colliculus due to mass effect upward gaze palsy, absent pupillary light reflex, failure of convergence & wide-based gait damage is to oculomotor & trochlear nn, as well as Edinger-Westphal nucleus |
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what can chronic alcoholism do to cerebellum?
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atrophy of anterior lobes & cerebellar vermis
results in gait ataxia, truncal instability, intention tremor, & rhythmic postural "Parkinsonian" tremor of fingers & hands |
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histology of cirrhosis?
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diffuse parenchymal injury & fibrosis
normal lobular architecture of liver is replaced w/regenerative spherical nodules separated by bridging fibrous septae proliferating HEPATOCYTES are primary cell population w/in nodules of a cirrhotic liver |
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infant w/painless doughy mass above left clavicle, transilluminates when source of light is applied?
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Cystic hygroma
cystic lymphatic malformation (lymphangiomas) most commonly involving loose areolar tissue of head & neck, more freq on left side karyotype abnormalities are often present: Tuner, 13, 18, 21 |
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flat affect, inappropriate sexual behavior, hyperphagia, constant food seeking? Where's the damage?
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Kluver-Bucy
bilateral dmaage to temporal lobes, particularly AMYGDALA (down in inferomedial part of lobe) potentially caused by HSV encephalitis or traumatic brain injury |
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cyclosporine MOA?
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inhibiting IL-2 transcription
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schizophrenic on meds develops involuntary facial movements - smacking lips & protruding tongue, what is it? Mechanism?
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Tardive dyskinesia
upregulation of dopamine receptors |
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bones require acid for? How do they generate it?
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they require protons to create acidic mileua for bone DEMINERALIZATION
carbonic anhydrase is used by OSTEOCLASTS to produce these protons, then pump them into resorptive pit if deficient would have defective bone remodeling |
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diabetic in DKA has diminished eye movements? Hint - microbe
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cavernous sinuses receive venous blood from face via superior & inferior opthalmic veins
spread of infection from orbit, nose, & paranasal sinuses may result in cavernous sinus thrombosis lateral gaze palsy due to CN VI is one of first signs of dz other structures in cavernous sinuse: -internal carotid artery, CN VI, CN III, CN IV, & CN's V1 & V2 |
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cyanosis that worsens w/feeding & crying?
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tetralogy of fallot
"tet spells" -think, sucking - decreasing intrathoracic pressure which doesn't make it easier for rt side b/c all intrathoracic, but does make left side easier to pump out b/c less afterload then --> more shunting also more preload --> larger shunted fraction contrast to bearing down, which bumps up afterload (kids squat when out of breath) |
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homosexula man w/abdominal pain & diarrhea, guiac positive, occasional trophozoites w/phagocytosed RBCs seen?
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Entamoeba histolytica
usually bloody common in homosexual population b/c can be transmitted oral-anally |
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smoker w/tumor presents w/edema & severe proteinuria? Histology?
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Membranous glomerulonephritis assoc/solid tumors
glomc ap basement membrane thickened & displays spike-like projections from deposition of immune complexes in subepithelial space |
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why is insulin higher when glucose given via mouth than IV?
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Incretin, or glucagon-like-peptide 1 or gastric-inhibitory peptide (GLP & GIP), stimulate pancreatic insulin in response to sugar containing meals
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where are ApoB-100 & -48 synthesized?
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ApoB48 - INTESTINAL CELLS
ApoB10 - hepatocytes |
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how to tx listeria? What is it not sensitive to?
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use ampicillin
it is resistant to cephalosporins (ceftriaxone) |
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PTT doesn't change upon addition of activated protein C?
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factor V leidin
activated protein C resistance |
