Public Speaking Midterm

Front 1

Eye Contact

Back 1

Looking directly at the people to whom you are speaking.

1. Helps audiences concentrate on the speech.

2. Increases the audiences confidence in you, the speaker.

3. Increases the audiences reaction to the speech.

Front 2

Gestures

Back 2

The movements of your hands, arms, and fingers that you remain intelligible.

Must appear spontaneous and natural even though they are planned and practiced.

You can use to describe or emphasize what you are saying, refer to presentational aids, or clarify structure.

Front 3

Movement

Back 3

Changing the position of the entire body,

To emphasize a particular point, you might move closer to the audience. To create a feeling of intimacy you might walk out from behind the lectern and sit on a chair.

AVOID bobbing, weaving, shifting from foot to foot, or pacing from one side of the room to the other.

At beginning of speech stand up straight on both feet.

Front 4

Posture

Back 4

The position or bearing of the body.

During speech practice sessions, try various methods to monitor or alter your bodily action. Perhaps the best method is to get a willing listener to critique your bodily action and help you improve.

Front 5

Poise

Back 5

In speeches an upright stance and square shoulders.

Slouching may give an unfavorable impression, including the impression of limited self confidence and an uncaring attitude.

Front 6

Pitch

Back 6

The scaled highness or lowness of the sound a voice makes.

Is created by loosening or tightening the vocal folds in the larynx, or voice box. Men generally have lower voices than women and children.

Front 7

Volume

Back 7

The degree of loudness of the tone you make.

You control this by how forcefully you expel the air through your vocal cords. When you a push a lot of air through the cords, you speak loudly; when you push less air through your speak drops.

Front 8

Rate

Back 8

The speed at which you talk.

In normal conversations, most people speak between 130-180 words per minute. We generally speak faster when we are excited and slow down when we are trying to explain difficult materal.

Front 9

Quality

Back 9

The tone, timbre, or sound of your voice.

The ideal voice sounds like ringing bell.

It is "how you sound" to others.

Front 10

Vocal Expressiveness

Back 10

Variety you create in your voice through changing pitch, volume, and rate, as well as stressing certain words and using pauses.

These contrasts clarify the emotional meaning of your message and help animate your delivery.

Front 11

Authority

Back 11

The first test of a resource is the expertise of its author or the reputation of the publishing or sponsoring organization.

Websites that dont acknowledge the source of the information presented should be viewed skeptically.

Front 12

Objectivity

Back 12

A third test of the information is how impartially it is presented.

To evaluate the potential biases in articles and books, read the preface, or identify the thesis statement. They often reveal the authors points of view.

Front 13

Currency

Back 13

Newer information is generally more accurate than older. So when evaluating your sources, be sure to consult the latest information you can find.

Front 14

Audience Centered

Back 14

Considering who your listeners are and how your message can best be tailored to their interests, desires, and needs.

Essentially you are this when you demonstrate honesty and respect for your listeners.

Front 15

Macrostructure

Back 15

The overall framework you use to organize your speech content.

Has four main elements... The introduction, body, conclusion, and transitions.

Front 16

Microstructure

Back 16

The specific language and style choices you use as you frame your ideas and verbalize them to your audience.

Front 17

Delivery

Back 17

How a message is communicated orally and visually through the use of voice and body.

Is conveyed through the nonverbal channel.

Nonverbal includes your voice, articulation, eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, body language, and appearance.

Front 18

Ethics

Back 18

A set of moral principles that a society, group, or individual hold that differentiate right from wrong and good behavior from bad behavior.

Five agreen upon standards include Honesty, Integrity, Fairness, Respect, and Responsibility.

Front 19

Authority

Back 19

The first test of a resource is the expertise of its author or the reputation of the publishing or sponsoring organization.

Websites that dont acknowledge the source of the information presented should be viewed skeptically.

Front 20

Objectivity

Back 20

A third test of the information is how impartially it is presented.

To evaluate the potential biases in articles and books, read the preface, or identify the thesis statement. They often reveal the authors points of view.

Front 21

Currency

Back 21

Newer information is generally more accurate than older. So when evaluating your sources, be sure to consult the latest information you can find.

Front 22

Pitch

Back 22

The scaled highness or lowness of the sound a voice makes.

Is created by loosening or tightening the vocal folds in the larynx, or voice box. Men generally have lower voices than women and children.

Front 23

Volume

Back 23

The degree of loudness of the tone you make.

You control this by how forcefully you expel the air through your vocal cords. When you a push a lot of air through the cords, you speak loudly; when you push less air through your speak drops.

Front 24

Rate

Back 24

The speed at which you talk.

In normal conversations, most people speak between 130-180 words per minute. We generally speak faster when we are excited and slow down when we are trying to explain difficult materal.

Front 25

Quality

Back 25

The tone, timbre, or sound of your voice.

The ideal voice sounds like ringing bell.

It is "how you sound" to others.

Front 26

Vocal Expressiveness

Back 26

Variety you create in your voice through changing pitch, volume, and rate, as well as stressing certain words and using pauses.

These contrasts clarify the emotional meaning of your message and help animate your delivery.

Front 27

Eye Contact

Back 27

Looking directly at the people to whom you are speaking.

1. Helps audiences concentrate on the speech.

2. Increases the audiences confidence in you, the speaker.

3. Increases the audiences reaction to the speech.

Front 28

Gestures

Back 28

The movements of your hands, arms, and fingers that you remain intelligible.

Must appear spontaneous and natural even though they are planned and practiced.

You can use to describe or emphasize what you are saying, refer to presentational aids, or clarify structure.

Front 29

Movement

Back 29

Changing the position of the entire body,

To emphasize a particular point, you might move closer to the audience. To create a feeling of intimacy you might walk out from behind the lectern and sit on a chair.

AVOID bobbing, weaving, shifting from foot to foot, or pacing from one side of the room to the other.

At beginning of speech stand up straight on both feet.

Front 30

Posture

Back 30

The position or bearing of the body.

During speech practice sessions, try various methods to monitor or alter your bodily action. Perhaps the best method is to get a willing listener to critique your bodily action and help you improve.

Front 31

Poise

Back 31

In speeches an upright stance and square shoulders.

Slouching may give an unfavorable impression, including the impression of limited self confidence and an uncaring attitude.

Front 32

Biology

Back 32

Recent research has found that some public speaking apprehension may be inborn.

Two aspects of inherited temperament, extroversion-introversion, and neuroticism

Front 33

Previous Experience

Back 33

Our level of apprehension may also result from our experience with public speaking while growing up.

We are socialized in primarily two ways through modeling and reinforcement.

Front 34

Skill Level

Back 34

An important source of public speaking apprehension comes from having underdeveloped speaking skills.

The "skill deficit" theory was the earliest explanation for apprehension.

Effective speech planning is an orderly process that is based on a set of skills.

Front 35

Biology

Back 35

Recent research has found that some public speaking apprehension may be inborn.

Two aspects of inherited temperament, extroversion-introversion, and neuroticism

Front 36

Previous Experience

Back 36

Our level of apprehension may also result from our experience with public speaking while growing up.

We are socialized in primarily two ways through modeling and reinforcement.

Front 37

Skill Level

Back 37

An important source of public speaking apprehension comes from having underdeveloped speaking skills.

The "skill deficit" theory was the earliest explanation for apprehension.

Effective speech planning is an orderly process that is based on a set of skills.