Public Speaking Chapters 1, 2, And 3

Front 1

communication

Back 1

a process in which people share thoughts, ideas, and feelings in understandable ways

Front 2

communication skills

Back 2

speaking and writing

Front 3

decoding

Back 3

the process your listeners go through in interpreting your meaning

Front 4

deliberative speaking

Back 4

political or legislative speaking

Front 5

distortion

Back 5

misrepresenting or twisting facts or stating that they are true when they are only partially true

Front 6

emoticon

Back 6

kkeyboard symbols that resemble facial expressions

Front 7

encoding

Back 7

the process of deciding how best to convey your message to your specific audience

Front 8

environment

Back 8

the time, place and physical and social surroundings in which the speech occurs

Front 9

epideictic speaking

Back 9

ceremonial speaking

Front 10

ethical speaker

Back 10

they must research information carefully, present only truthful information, and give credit for ideas and words that come from someone else

Front 11

exaggeration

Back 11

overstating or presenting facts as more important than they are

Front 12

external noise

Back 12

distractions in the environment, such as people talking, lighting that is too bright or too dim, and even poor grammar

Front 13

feedback

Back 13

verbal, visual, and vocal responses to messages

Front 14

forensic speaking

Back 14

speaking in court

Front 15

frame of reference

Back 15

your experience and background

Front 16

informatie speech

Back 16

speeches that promote understanding of an idea or convey a body of related facts

Front 17

internal noise

Back 17

distrations within the listener, such as headaches, preoccupation with problems, or lack of knowledge about the topic

Front 18

persuasive speech

Back 18

speeches that seek to influence beliefs, choices, or opinions

Front 19

plagiarism

Back 19

using the ideas of others (whether paraphrasing or word for word) without giving them credit

Front 20

rhetoric

Back 20

the art of persuasive public speaking

Front 21

speakers bureau

Back 21

made up of employees who have expertise in some aspect of the company and are willing to share it ith interested groups

Front 22

special occasion speeches

Back 22

speeches that give a sense of distinction to important events in our lives

Front 23

verbal code

Back 23

includes spoken and written words

Front 24

visual code

Back 24

includes personal appearance, facial expression, eye contact and visual aids

Front 25

vocal code

Back 25

includes tone of voice, volume, pitch, rate, emphasis, and vocal quality

Front 26

cognitive restructuring

Back 26

based on the assumption that speaking anxiety is a result or irrational thoughts that produce negative images, and unrealistic expectations about speech making

Front 27

positive imagery

Back 27

creating a positive, vivid, and detailed mental image of yourself giving a successful and confident speech

Front 28

rhetoritherapy

Back 28

focuses on speaking skills more than feelings

Front 29

situational anxiety

Back 29

anxiety caused by factors in a specific situation (for example, speaking before a new audience or in front of the boss or being graded while speaking)

Front 30

systematic desensitization

Back 30

means learning to feel relaxed instead of anxious

Front 31

trait anxiety

Back 31

the internal anxieties an individual brings to the speaking situation (for example, feel ins of inadequacy in a group or fear of looking like a fool in front of others)

Front 32

attribution theory

Back 32

describes how people process information and use it to explain the behavior of others and themselves

Front 33

cognitive dissonance

Back 33

discomfort when evidence is presented that is contrary to what we believe

Front 34

credibility

Back 34

the mor persuasive the speaker is

Front 35

evaluating stage

Back 35

listener's think about the message, make more extensive inferences, evaluate and judge the speaker and the message

Front 36

external stimulus

Back 36

a person or object external to the listeners that triggers an idea in the listener

Front 37

internal stimulus

Back 37

a thought generated by the listener that triggers additional thought or action

Front 38

interpreting stage

Back 38

listeners supply meaning to the messages that they have senses - or seen, heard, and felt

Front 39

remembering stage

Back 39

final step of effective listening, memory stage

Front 40

responding stage

Back 40

giving feedback on the communication

Front 41

sensing stage

Back 41

listeners select or ignore one or more stimuli from the multitude of stimuli that bombard us continually

Front 42

stages of listening

Back 42

sensing, interpreting, evaluating, responding, remembering

Front 43

Make message easier to remember

Back 43

personalize with narratives, increase speaking rate, don't state key ideas int he first or second sentence, use visuals

Front 44

managing situational anxiety

Back 44

prepare and practice, warm up first, use deep breathing, plan an intro to relax you and your listeners, concentrate on meaning, use visual aids, use positive imagery

Front 45

mastering positive imagery

Back 45

develop the habit of positive self-talk, refocus negative mental pictures into positive ones, don't compare yourself to others