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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Aristotle’s 5 Canons of Rhetoric
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Invention
Arrangement Style Delivery Memory |
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What types of speaking occasions are there?
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Deliberative (future)
Ceremonial (present) Forensic (past) |
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Levels of Communication
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Intrapersonal
Interpersonal Organizational/group Public |
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What are audience demographics?
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Size
Heterogeneity (diversity of people) Captive/voluntary Composition (age, gender, race, etc.) |
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Types of presentations
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Impromptu
Memorized Manuscript Extemporaneous |
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Goals of Informing
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Give new info/ideas
Agenda Setting Creating positive/negative feeling |
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Informative Strategies
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Defining
Reporting Describing Explaining Demonstrating Comparing |
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What types of purposes?
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Provide new info/idea
Agenda setting Positive/negative feeling creating Increase commitment Decrease commitment Conversion Induce action |
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What constraints must you overcome?
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Audience
Ethos Topic Rhetorical situation |
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What statements should you identify when formulating a speech?
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General purpose statement
Specific purpose statement Thesis statement |
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Types of supporting material?
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Personal experience
Common knowledge Direct observation Examples (anecdotes, case studies) Documents Statistics Testimony |
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Ways to arrange main ideas
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Chronological
Spatial Topical/categorical Cause/effect Problem/solution Compare/contrast Residues (process of elimination) |
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Types of introductions
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Identify with audience
Refer to speech situation State purpose State importance Cite stats/make claims Tell story Use analogy Ask question Use quote/humor |
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Types of conclusions
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Summarizing
Quote Personal reference Challenge audience Offer utopian vision |
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Persuasive speech purposes
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Strengthen commitment
Weakening commitment Conversion Induce action(s) |
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How to strengthen commitment?
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Consciousness raising
Education to commitment Increase sense of urgency |
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How to weaken commitment?
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Find critical distinction
Refutation Rebuild arguments |
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How do you utilize “conversion”?
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Chip away at beliefs
Identify pattern of anomalies Raise consciousness Seek small changes Use reluctant testimony (something that you don’t gain anything from) |
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How to induce audience to take a specific action?
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Identify the desire action
Make the action as easy to perform as possible |
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Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
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Attention
Need Satisfaction Visualization Action |
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Benefits of Visual Aids
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Interest
Credibility Comprehension and retention Argument |
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Common cause fallacy
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Assuming that one thing causes another when in fact another factor is the cause of both.
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Post hoc fallacy
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Assuming that because one event occurred before another, the first event is the cause of the second.
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Resonance
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The quality of striking a responsive chord with listeners causing them to identify with what one is saying
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Major forms or patterns of inference
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Example
Analogy Signs Cause Testimony Narrative |
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Concepts of decorum
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Formality
Length Intensity Supporting material Identification |
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Epideictic
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“ceremonial speech”; describes emphasis on style/delivery instead of technicalities
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What are visual aids used for? (similar to a previous entry I know but it was separate in the book for whatever reason)
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Interest
Complexity Concrete Ethos Retention Resonance |
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3 common fallacies in reasoning
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Hasty generalization
Slothful induction (lots of evidence but no logical connection) Causation vs. correlation |
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What 3 things denote style?
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Clarity
Rhythm (diction/word choice) Vividness |
