Psychology,life Span

Front 1

Developement

Back 1

changes that occur over and across the entire life span

Front 2

physical growth

Back 2

delevoplement of prenatal throught adolescence and declines and alterations that occur c advance aging

Front 3

cognitive development

Back 3

concept of intelligence ,aspects of our thinking processes,such as moral,language,memory and learning to read

Front 4

social/emotional developement

Back 4

temperament, our style to respond,personality,socialization into a particular cultural group

Front 5

mulitdimensional

Back 5

physical,cognitive,emotional,personality

Front 6

age-graded

Back 6

naming ceremonies,puberty, begining school, drivers licence, retires

Front 7

history graded

Back 7

events that occur during the life span depression,wars,computer era

Front 8

non-normative

Back 8

events that may have influence on a persons delevlopment ex.oklahoma bombing

Front 9

continuity

Back 9

results of gradual and cumulative changes over the entire life span

Front 10

discontinuity

Back 10

development occurs in discrete identifiable stages

Front 11

hypothesis

Back 11

testing the hypothesis,drawing conclusions,making findins available to others

Front 12

naturalistic

Back 12

watching people in there natural setting

Front 13

field experiment

Back 13

natural setting but some manipulation or control such as giving some help on a test and some not then comparing scores

Front 14

controlled experiments

Back 14

lab setting, greater control ex. hooked up to a monitor that records heart rate

Front 15

independent variables

Back 15

manipulated by the experimentor

Front 16

dependent variables

Back 16

outcome measures of interest, such as a score on a math test after getting special instructions

Front 17

comfounding variables

Back 17

things that might affect the results in unanticipated ways or not controlled for in the drseigned of the experiment

Front 18

cross sectional

Back 18

groups studied at one point in in time

Front 19

logitudial

Back 19

different times studied

Front 20

sequential design

Back 20

study of a group,then years later sudy of the same group

Front 21

cohort differences

Back 21

unique sociocultural factors to which people of different generations are exposed

Front 22

data analysis

Back 22

statisical procedures that are done to make sence of the findings of a study

Front 23

desriptive research or correlational

Back 23

varibles are related but can't say that one caused the other

Front 24

descriptive statistic

Back 24

includes means, medians, modes, frequencies and simple correlations

Front 25

inferential statistic

Back 25

determine if there is a significant different between 2 or more scores or if a score could occur just by chance

Front 26

ethology

Back 26

idea that behavior is largely influenced by biological factors particuarly behaviors that have developed overtime

Front 27

Bowlby

Back 27

infants need nuturing in the first yrs,to form attachments c others

Front 28

Freud

Back 28

unconscious minds contains emotionally charged memories of early life experiences psychosexual theory,sexual desires affect behavior

Front 29

id

Back 29

seeking pleasure and avoiding pain present at birth

Front 30

ego

Back 30

reality priciple starts to deveolpoe in infancy,balances demands of the id and restrictions of the superego in order to meet the realities of the situation

Front 31

superego

Back 31

conscience,tells what you should do or not do

Front 32

conscious

Back 32

info that is readily available

Front 33

unconscious

Back 33

only avaiable in hypnosis,

Front 34

preconscious

Back 34

between the two,comes out in are dreams jokes slips of the tongue

Front 35

defence mechanisms

Back 35

egos must defend us from daily assaults

Front 36

Erikson-psychosocial

Back 36

non-sexual cries,personality delevopment cont.through adulthood

Front 37

Levinson

Back 37

men midlife to older,achieveing a stable life structure independence

Front 38

Pavlov-classical conditioning

Back 38

feeding the dogs and salivating

Front 39

Watson-behaviorism

Back 39

small rat Little Albert

Front 40

Skinner-operant conditioning

Back 40

positive and negative behavior reinforcement

Front 41

Thorndike

Back 41

quantify the relationship among stimuli and responce

Front 42

Bandura-social theory

Back 42

people learn by observing and imitation

Front 43

self-efficacy

Back 43

study how people come to believe that they are competent or likely to succeed at different kinds of task

Front 44

Piaget-cognitive development

Back 44

children are active participants in their own learning

Front 45

assimilation

Back 45

taking in info as it is

Front 46

scheme

Back 46

incorporating that new knowledge into an existing framework

Front 47

Accommodation

Back 47

info doesn't fit any exisitng scheme or challenges an old scheme

Front 48

Case-cognitive

Back 48

children have limits on the amount of info they can deal with

Front 49

Kohlberg-Heinz(drug for the dying wife)

Back 49

development of moral reasoning

Front 50

moral reasoning

Back 50

the way people use cognitive processes to solve ethical dilemmas

Front 51

humanistic theories

Back 51

stress that people can take control over their own behavior and are not merely pawns of reinforcement or driven by genetic factors

Front 52

Maslow-human needs

Back 52

physical needs,emotional,met b4 a child can meet academic/cognitive tasks

Front 53

self-actualized

Back 53

one who is spontaneous,creative,good at solving problems and self directed

Front 54

Rogers-psychotherapy

Back 54

the therapist listens to the client and reflects back what the client says and allows the client to draw the conclusions rather then being advised by the therapist

Front 55

Brinfenbrenner-social

Back 55

focuses on the social environment of the individual

Front 56

microsystem

Back 56

structures that impinges on a person everyday.ex.school peers

Front 57

mesosystem

Back 57

how the structures intersect and interect c others

Front 58

exosystem

Back 58

examines the world not quite as close extend family mass media,social welfare gov.

Front 59

macrosystem

Back 59

attitudes and beliefs of a culture reflected in its education,legal,religion

Front 60

chronosystem

Back 60

pattern of events that unfold over chronological age,include history and social

Front 61

Vygotsky-cognitive

Back 61

zone of proximal development some tasks children can't do alone but can achieve c help

Front 62

scaffolding

Back 62

temporary support that adults give to children until they are able to do it on there own