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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the definition of Psychology? (including mental states and behaviour) |
Psychology is the systematic study of human thoughts, feelings and behaviour. Mental states are thoughts and emotions. |
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What is the name given to the outside layer of the brain? |
The Cerebral Cortex. |
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Why does the outer layer of the cerebral cortex have bumps and folds of brain tissue? |
So that it can have more surface area. |
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What two regions are contained in the frontal lobe? |
Primary Motor Cortex and Broca's Area. |
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What is Broca's Area responsible for? |
The production of speech. |
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What is the Primary Motor Cortex responsible for? |
It controls voluntary muscle movement. |
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What region is contained in the Parietal lobe and what function is it responsible for? |
The Primary Somatosensory cortex is responsible for receiving and processing sensory information. |
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What is the sensory Motor cortex made up of? |
The primary motor cortex and the primary somatosensory cortex. |
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What is another function of the parietal lobe? |
Spacial Manipulation. |
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What is the Occipital Lobe responsible for? |
Vision |
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What function is the Auditory cortex responsible for? |
Processing auditory information. |
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What is Wernicke's Area responsible for? Which lobe is it located in? |
Responsible for comprehending and understanding speech. Located in the temporal lobe. |
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What is the function of the Corpus Callosum? |
It connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain. |
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What is the function of the Thalamus? |
Receives information from sensory organs and passes it to relevant parts of the brain for analysis. |
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Name the four lobes of the brain. |
Frontal lobe Parietal lobe Occipital lobe Temporal lobe |
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What is the difference between qualitative and quantitative data? |
Qualitative data is based on words and descriptions while quantitative data is based on numbers. |
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What is the difference between a behaviour, thought and feeling? |
Depression is a feeling. A decision is a thought and acting on a this decision is a behaviour. |
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What is the purpose of a Case Study? |
To provide a detailed description of a single individual. |
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What is the purpose of a Naturalistic Observation? |
To observe a person or group under natural conditions. |
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What is the purpose of a survey? |
To determine select characteristics of a population. |
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What is the purpose of a Correlation study? |
To determine the relationship between two factors or variables. |
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What is the purpose of an experiment? |
To determine cause - effect relationships in a controlled study. |
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What are the 7 steps of the Scientific Method? |
1. Ask
2.Predict 3.Design 4.Collect 5.Analyse 6.Interpret 7.Report |
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What happens in the first step of Scientific Method and what is required? |
Ask - A literature search is conducted to find out what is already known and then a question is developed from observations / an area of interest. |
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What is the second step of the Scientific Method and what is required? |
Predict - A hypothesis is constructed (a testable prediction of the relationship between two or more characteristics). |
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What is the third step of the Scientific method and what is required? |
Design - Determine the way the hypothesis can be tested by selecting one of the five research methods. |
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What is the fourth step of the Scientific method and what is required? |
Collect: - questionnaires - interviews - observations - standardised scores - psychological recordings The techniques are dependant on the research method used. |
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What is the fifth step of the Scientific method and what is required? |
Analyse - present information in logical and relevant ways -graphs -tables -percentages (basically means organise) |
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What is the sixth step of the Scientific method and what is required? |
Interpret - A conclusion is created including whether or not the hypothesis has been supported and a judgement on how widely the findings can be applied. |
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What is the seventh step of the Scientific Method and what is required?
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Report - a report is peer reviewed to ensure reliability and then submitted to be published
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What is the seventh step of the Scientific Method and what is required?
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Report - a report is peer reviewed to ensure reliability and then submitted to be published
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What are the four most common neuro-imaging techniques? |
Computerised Tomography (CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Function Magnetic Response Imaging (fMRI) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) |
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What is the basic structure of a research report? |
Title Summary Intro Method Results Discussion References Appendices |
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What did the Egyptians believe in the brain vs heart debate?
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The Egyptians believed that the heart held the mind and soul and was the source of all wisdom, memory, emotion and personality. |
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What did greek philosopher Alcmaeon believe in the brain vs heart debate? |
He located the mental processes in the brain and therefore took the brain side of the debate. |
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What is the Mind vs Body problem? |
The mind vs body problem involves the question of whether the mind and the body are separate entities or the same thing.
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What did french philosopher Descartes believe about the mind vs body problem?
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He believed that the mind and body were separate yet interconnected at the pineal gland. |
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What is Phrenology? |
Phrenology is the study of the relationship between the skulls surface and a person's personality and behavioural characteristics. |
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What are the benefits of MRI? |
It is more detailed than CT and can detect extremely small changes in the brain.
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What are the limitations of MRI? |
It can't be used with people who have internal metallic devices. Doesn't show function. |
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How does Functional magnetic resonance imaging work? |
It detects changes in oxygen levels in blood flow and combines data into a 3D representation of the active brain. |
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What are the benefits of fMRI? |
fMRI can record levels of activity in the brain. Can be used to study things such as hemispheric specialisation and are also more detailed than PET scans. |
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What are the limitations of fMRI? |
May not be accurate as other factors affecting brain activity can not be measured. They also aren't very common and very expensive. |
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How does Positron Emission Tomography work? |
It involves the injection of radioactive glucose into the bloodstream so that blood flow can be tracked and an image of brain activity and function can be created. |
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What are the benefits of PET scans? |
Basically the same as fMRI, records levels of brain activity. Can diagnose brain abnormalities. |
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What are the limitations of PET scans? |
Although it is considered harmless, it still involves injection a radioactive substance. It must be kept short so that subjects don't receive too much radiation. |
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What is split brain surgery? |
It involves surgically cutting the corpus callosum and disconnecting the two hemispheres. |
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What is split brain surgery used to treat and what are the side affects? |
It is used to treat severe epilepsy and disables all communication between left and right hemispheres. |
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What is the modern consensus on phrenology? |
That no one element of the brain operates in isolation to perform a specific function. |
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What two main systems does the nervous system split into? |
CNS and PNS |
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What two main components does the CNS split into? |
The brain and the spine. |
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What is the main function of the spine in the CNS? |
To connect the PNS to the brain. |
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What is the main function of the brain in the CNS? |
To send out and receive information from the PNS. |
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What two main divisions does the PNS split into? |
The Somatic and Autonomic nervous system. |
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What does the Somatic nervous system control? |
It carries messages from sensory receptors to the CNS, and the motor messages from the CNS to skeletal muscles. |
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What is the role of the Autonomic nervous system? |
It self regulates things such as heart rate, digestion and it connects the CNS to internal organs and glands. |
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What does the Autonomic nervous system split into? |
The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. |
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What are the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system? |
The sympathetic NS will prepare your body for action while the parasympathetic NS will calm your body down after action. |
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If someone suffering from the effects of split brain surgery is presented and object in their left visual field, what can they do with it? |
They cannot name the object but they can pick correct object up. |
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What does brain ablation involve? |
It involves disabling, destroying or removing brain tissue and then assessing changes in behaviour. |
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If someone suffering from the effects of split brain surgery is presented and object in their right visual field, what can they do with it? |
They can name the object. |
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What are the three main different types of neurons? |
Motor neurons Inter neurons Sensory neurons |
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What is the role of a motor neuron? |
A motor neuron will receive information and send back commands from the CNS. |
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What is the role of a sensory neuron? |
A sensory neuron will collect information and send it to the CNS. |
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What is the role of an inter neuron? |
An inter neuron acts as a bridge between motor and sensory neurons. |
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What is the role of the cell body in a neuron? |
It contains the nucleus as well as providing fuel, manufacturing chemicals and maintaining the entire neuron in working order. |
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What is the role of the nucleus in the neuron? |
It contains genetic instructions in the form of DNA. |
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What is the role of dendrites in the neuron? |
They are small branch-like extensions from the cell body and they receive signals from other neurons. |
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What is the role of the axon in a neuron? |
It is a single thread-like structure that extends from the cell body to neighbouring neurons, muscles or organs. |
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Why is brain ablation considered unethical? |
Because the damaged caused by it is irreversible. |
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What is electrical simulation? |
Electrical simulation involves inserting or placing an electrode onto a specific area of the brain and monitoring response to the signals. |
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Why doesn't Electrical Simulation cause any pain? |
Because it sends the same amount of electrical signals that the brain would normally receive. |
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What information does electrical simulation of the brain provide? |
What parts of the brain control what part of the body. |
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How does computerised tomography work? |
It takes x Ray's of the brain at different angles to produce an image of a cross section of the brain. |
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What is Computerised Tomography useful for? |
It can identify precise location and extent of brain damage and can reveal the effects of strokes, rumours and other disorders. |
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How does Magnetic Resonance Imaging work? |
MRI used a magnetic field and radio waves to vibrate brain neutrons and produce a 3D image of the brain areas and structure. |
