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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who founded Behaviorism?
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John Watson
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What is Behaviorism?
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is the science of behavior; it is observable and measurable, therefore objective and scientific
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Who had profound influence in this field?
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B.F. Skinner
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What is Learning?
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a relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience
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Classical Conditioning
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learning by association
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Operant Conditioning
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learning via reinforcement and/or punishment
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Observational Learning
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learning by observing others
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Stimulus
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any event or object in the environment to which an organism responds.
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Reflex
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an involuntary response to a particular stimulus.
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Unconditional Response (UCR)
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a response that is evoked by unconditioned stimulus without prior learning
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Unconditional Stimulus (UCS)
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a stimulus that evokes a specific unconditional response without prior learning
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Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
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a neutral stimulus (at first) that after repeated pairing with an unconditional stimulus, becomes associated with it and evokes a conditional response
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Conditional Response (CR)
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the learning response that comes to be evoked by a conditional stimulus as a result of its repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus.
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Pavlov Experiment (Classic Conditioning)
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the dog to salivate on the sound of the bell.
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Watson's Experiment (Classic Conditioning)
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baby Albert to fear the rat,
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Thorndike (Operant Conditioning)
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built a puzzle box that a cat had to escape from by pressing lever.
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Law Effect
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behavior that are followed by positive consequence are strengthen while behaviors followed by negative consequences are weaken
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Operant Response
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is a response that can be modified by its consequences (what can be measured)
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Shaping 1
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behaviors are reinforced in order to lead up to the desire behavior;
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Shaping 2
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immediate reinforcement is needed in shaping, otherwise, unwanted behavior my be reinforced.
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Reinforcement
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a consequence that increase the occurrence of a behavior
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Positive Reinforcement
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presentation of a stimulus that increase the occurrence of behavior
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Negative Reinforcement
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removal of an aversive stimulus that increases the occurrence of a behavior
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Primary Reinforcers
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reinforcers that enable survival (food, water, sleep, sex)
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Secondary Reinforcers
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all others (not needed to survive)
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Schedule Reinforcement
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a program or rule that determines how and when the occurrence of a response will be followed by a reinforcer.
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Continuous Reinforcement
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receive the reinforcer every time the behavior occurs.
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Partial Reinforcement
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reinforcer is received only some of the time
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Fixed Ratio
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receive reinforcer after specific numbers of behaviors
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Fixed Interval
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applying reinforcer after a specified amount of time
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Variable Ratio
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applying reinforcer after variable number of behaviors
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Variable Interval
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applying reinforcer after variable amount of time
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Punishment
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stop or decrease the occurrence of a behavior
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Albert Bandura
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observational learning; social cognitive learning; people learn by watching what happens to others
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Bobo Doll Experiment
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confirmation that exposure to humans portraying aggression on film was most influential in eliciting ans shaping aggressive behavior
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