Psychology Final Test 10

Front 1

Exemplar theory suggests that we often structure our concepts around the most typical representations of a category which are called:

Back 1

prototypes

Front 2

Chomsky claims that sentences have two structures:________ structure which refers to the appearance of the sentence and ________ structure which refers to the underlying form of the sentence.

Back 2

surface; deep

Front 3

A limitation of inductive reasoning is:

Back 3

we can never be certain that we have reached a correct decision

Front 4

The problem-solving strategy that involves formulating specific guesses that generate relatively efficient approaches to solving a problem and then tests these guesses in a systematic fashion is called:

Back 4

hypothesis testing

Front 5

Problems like "What should I major in?" are difficult problems to solve because:

Back 5

the problem is not clearly defined

Front 6

When you contemplate a decision that involves the possibility of losing money, Damasio argues that:

Back 6

you will create a negative somatic marker with the possibility of losing money

Front 7

In order to think and communicate, we must mentally group events into categories of:

Back 7

concepts

Front 8

The study of how we translate sounds and symbols into meaning is:

Back 8

psycholinguistics

Front 9

If you decide that a person is most likely a teacher because someone told you she is energetic and likes children, you would be using:

Back 9

a representative heuristic

Front 10

Research has supported the idea that when we think, we rely on _______ level categories most of the time.

Back 10

basic

Front 11

The fact that Washoe was not only able to imitate her trainers' signs but also communicate ideas by generating new combinations of signs meets which criteria of human language?

Back 11

Generativity, arbitrariness, novelty, and specialization

Front 12

One of the most common ways people err in reasoning is to:

Back 12

begin with a faulty premise

Front 13

The concept of ________ is subordinate to the concept of ________.

Back 13

daughter; children

Front 14

Which of the following is not a primary criteria or attribute of human language?

Back 14

objectivity

Front 15

An argument consisting of two or more promises and a conclusion is called:

Back 15

syllogism

Front 16

When we use symbols or concepts to imagine something internally, we are:

Back 16

thinking

Front 17

Reasoning that begins with a general premise that is believed to be true, and then draws conclusions about specific instances based on that premise, is called:

Back 17

deductive reasoning

Front 18

It is Tuesday evening, you have a research paper due on Thursday, and you would like to have it completed by Wednesday. However, it must be printed out, and you do not have a printer, and additionally, you have to work all night tonight. The goal of this

Back 18

to have your paper printed by Wednesday

Front 19

You have lost your car keys. In solving the problem of finding the keys you search your memory as to the last place you remember having them and then retrace your actions. This is an example of the heuristic strategy of:

Back 19

working backward

Front 20

We often make straightforward problems difficult to solve by placing obstacles in the solution path. The cognitive obstacles include all the following except:

Back 20

unclear presentations