Psychology Final Exam Review

Front 1

Insight therapy

Back 1

Psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud: focused on unconscious motives, free association, dream analysis, resistance, and transference

Front 2

Free Association

Back 2

Sigmund Freud would analytically ask for unfiltered thoughts and associations and intended to help the patient learn more about what he or she thinks and feels, in an atmosphere of non-judgmental curiosity and acceptance. Psychoanalysis assumes that people are often conflicted between their need to learn about themselves, and their (conscious or unconscious) fears of and defenses against change and self-exposure.

Front 3

Humanistic therapies

Back 3

real vs ideal self by Carl Rogers, Person centered, everyone should be treated in an individual matter, we are holding back creativity, focus was on unobservable creativity and INTENTIONALITY.

Front 4

Carl Young

Back 4

Believed we were born good, and the environment we lived in turned us bad and that humans are DRIVEN to maintain, enhance, and actualize SELF

Front 5

Client Centered Therapy

Back 5

unconditional positivity, Rapport between doctor and patient should be good but is not important,

Front 6

empathy

Back 6

recognizing another persons feelings and trying to understanding why they feel that way.

Front 7

Real vs Ideal Self

Back 7

Humanistic struggle to make the best version of themselves.

Front 8

Behavioral Therapies

Back 8

Based on a persons behavior, believed that you dont need to go beyond overt behavior, only observable behavior is analyzed, you attack the symptom, ALL BEHAVIOR IS LEARN AND CAN BE UNLEARNED, if you change the behavior your feeling would also be changed.

Front 9

Best Therapy for Autism

Back 9

Behavior

Front 10

Operant Conditioning

Back 10

Skinner, Positive/Negative Reinforcement/Punishment

Front 11

Exposure treatments/ Systematic Desensitization

Back 11

if you have be exposed to the stimuli enough you will be used to it and would not be aroused by it. EX violent video games or television shows

Front 12

Flooding and Implosive Therapy

Back 12

Both are exposing the client to anxiety arousing stimuli for prolonged durations,but flooding deals with the actual stimulus or its image, while in implosion a much higher anxiety is evoked as the imagined scenes are exaggerated by the therapist who also introduces commentaries on the worst of the persons fears.

Front 13

Modeling and Role Playing: Assertion Training

Back 13

Having people learn by example?

Front 14

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Back 14

rational emotive therapy, very direct, "stop thinking like that"

Front 15

Group and Family Therapies

Back 15

AA -> most successful, follows a disease model (alcoholism as a disease)
Controlled Drinking-> you are just drinking too much, and that behavior needs to stop, (NOT a disease, it is voluntary)

Front 16

Systems Approach in Group Therapy

Back 16

understanding the context of behaviors (systems approach is problem solving through multiple ways but the most dynamic for the situation)

Front 17

Psychomythology

Back 17

self help books, quick fixes, optimism and wishful thinking, brainstorming

Front 18

Biomedical Treatments

Back 18

drugs, surgery, electroconvulsive shocks

Front 19

Stress vs. Distress

Back 19

Stress is good, and Distress is bad

Front 20

Primary and Secondary Appraisal

Back 20

Primary-> if you see the stimuli as stressful or not .... if so, Secondary -> how you manage to control that stress. if you can control the stress and you are optimistic about it it is STRESS, if you are pessimistic or can't control it it is DISTRESS

Front 21

General Adaption Syndrome

Back 21

You stress out, you adapt to the stress so you can cope, but after a while you will burn out. ALARM-> RESISTANCE-> EXHAUSTION (Hans Selye)

Front 22

Coping Strategies

Back 22

Social support, Personal control, and person states

Front 23

Social Support

Back 23

family or friends being able to lend a hand when needed, EQUALS HEALTH AND HAPPINESS

Front 24

Personal Control (Behavioral, Cognitive, Decisional, Informational, Emotional)

Back 24

Behavioral- get up and do something about it
Cognitive- how you talk to yourself (motivation/esteem)
Decisional- feeling good about your decisions
Informational - are you given the information to make informed decisions
Emotional - being able to control your emotions

Front 25

Person States

Back 25

Hardiness- ability to handle stress
Optimism- being able to be up beat
Spirituality - (self explanatory)

Front 26

Healthy Lifestyle

Back 26

NOT smoking, alcohol consumption, and obesity

Front 27

Personal Protection Equipment

Back 27

Safety Belts, bike helmets

Front 28

Scare Tactics

Back 28

do not influence self efficacy

Front 29

Self Efficacy

Back 29

When you know you are capable of doing something

Front 30

Belongingness and Social Comparison

Back 30

feeling one with others, comparing yourself to others

Front 31

Social Facilitation

Back 31

Performing better in front of other people

Front 32

Social Disruption

Back 32

NOT being able to perform well in front of others

Front 33

Fundamental Attribution Error

Back 33

assuming factors by success (differences between self and others) when you fail you blame the environment (situational) when others fail its because they are dumb (dispostional)----- Self Serving Bias

Front 34

Conformity

Back 34

Social Proof, we follow people who are similar to us, most common to model others in unfamiliar situations

Front 35

Solomon Asch Line Experiment

Back 35

CONFORMITY, group was asked to identify a line in a group, all the hired people said the wrong answer and would see if the participant would conform to the wrong answer

Front 36

Conformity in Cultures

Back 36

Individualistic - more likely to deviate (individual-> western)
Collectivistic - more likely to conform to group (Collect-> eastern)

Front 37

Deindividuation

Back 37

Stanford Prison Study by Zimbardo, people were given situations where they were either prisoner or warden and they assumed roles of authority or compliance. They lost their self awareness

Front 38

Group Think and Critical Thinking

Back 38

Everyone in the group influences everyone in the group, no extreme signs, usually all come to a consensus of single idea or similar thoughts

Front 39

Group Polarization

Back 39

group divides into extremes of opinion

Front 40

Obedience

Back 40

Willingness to comply to authority, The Milgram Paradigm- the shock experiment where participants were asked to shock people that would seriously injure someone, tested whether they would defy authority to follow their moral fiber

Front 41

Prosocial VS Aggressive behavior

Back 41

Prosocial - behavior that helps others
Aggressive - the opposite....

Front 42

Bystander Nonintervention

Back 42

Kitty Genovese, When there is more people around, people are less likely to intervene

Front 43

Diffusion of Responsibilty

Back 43

the feeling that you shouldn't do something because other people are just as responsible for the event as you are. it is not solely dependent on you

Front 44

Social Loafing

Back 44

In a group, you work less because the work is divided amongst many people

Front 45

Altruism

Back 45

Doing Good for the sake of being good, not getting rewarded (Geller believes there is no such thing because feeling good after selflessly helping someone is still a reward)

Front 46

Situational vs Dispositional Factors

Back 46

Situational- you blame the environment (it was a bad day)
Dispostional- you blame the persons character (he is a bad person)

Front 47

Aggression

Back 47

personality doesn't effect it, boys are more aggressive than girls,

Front 48

Frustration Aggression Hypothesis

Back 48

frustration does not always leads to aggression, but often does. Aggression is the result of blocking, or frustrating, a person's efforts to attain a goal.

Front 49

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Back 49

Lead by free choice, tension between attitude and behavior and you want to relieve the tension

Front 50

how to relieve cognitive dissonance

Back 50

you can change the behavior to reflect the attitude, change you attitude to reflect your behavior, or have a new attitude all together

Front 51

Self Perception theory

Back 51

Defined as self directive behavior, people induce attitudes without accessing internal cognition and mood states. people develop their attitudes (when there is no previous attitude-due to a lack of experience, etc-- and the emotional response is ambiguous) by observing their own behavior and concluding what attitudes must have caused it.

Front 52

Persuasion Technique

Back 52

Foot in the door, door in the face, lowball, "but you are free"

Front 53

Foot in the Door

Back 53

CONSISTENCY states that you offer a small task and build up to a larger request

Front 54

Door in the Face

Back 54

RECIPROCITY you ask for an outrageous task and get shot down and the person counter proposes a smaller task which they accept.

Front 55

Low Ball

Back 55

COGNITIVE DISSONANCE; A successful low-ball relies on the balance of making the initial request attractive enough to gain agreement, whilst not making the second request so outrageous that the customer refuses. If a person is already enjoying the prospect of an excellent deal and the future benefits of the item or idea, then backing out would create cognitive dissonance, which is prevented by playing down the negative effect of the "extra" costs

Front 56

"But you are free"

Back 56

upon a sales pitch, emphasis free will

Front 57

Stereotypes: Ultimate Attribution error

Back 57

assuming ones faults as something to be dispositional and not situational, when a black guy is rude you assume its because he is black it was how he was raised but he may just have a bad day

Front 58

scapegoat hypothesis

Back 58

people may be prejudice toward a group in order to vent their anger. In essence, they use the group they dislike as their target for all of their anger, ex; the germans used the jews as a blame to scapegoat their anger

Front 59

Just world Hypothesis

Back 59

Belief that the world is fair in how it works

Front 60

Jigsaw Classroom

Back 60

organizing classroom activity that makes students dependent on each other to succeed. It breaks classes into groups and breaks assignments into pieces that the group assembles to complete the (jigsaw) puzzle

Front 61

Interviews

Back 61

Better when they are structured

Front 62

The Big 5 OCEAN

Back 62

the characteristic sought after by employers
O- openness,
C- conscientiousness,
E- Extraversion,
A- agreeableness,
N- neuroticism

Front 63

360 degree feedback

Back 63

feedback from all peers at a work aimed to improve the workplace

Front 64

the ABC model of behavior therapy

Back 64

Activating Event – the actual event and the client’s immediate interpretations of the event

Beliefs about the event – this evaluation can be rational or irrational

Consequences – how you feel and what you do or other thoughts

Front 65

the medical/disease model of therapy (psychiatrists)

Back 65

all behaviors has meanings and they all have hypothetical meanings (go along with theories), symptoms reflect the underlying cause, dont treat the symptoms treat the cause of the symptoms, diagnostic labeling, need insight/belief they will be fixed

Front 66

DO IT in behavior therapy

Back 66

D- define behaviors
O- observe baseline

I- intervene or influence
T- test impact of intervention (see if your treatment did anything to improve the symptoms)

Front 67

what are the 7 social influence principle?

Back 67

consistency, reciprocity, conformity, scarcity, novelty, authority, ingratiation,

Front 68

upper vs lower comparison

Back 68

lower- you are a role model
upper- you look up to someone

Front 69

psychological reactance

Back 69

react to protect individuality when being controlled

Front 70

primary and recency effect

Back 70

refers to the finding that recall accuracy varies as a function of an item's position within a study list.[2] When asked to recall a list of items in any order (free recall), people tend to begin recall with the end of the list, recalling those items best (the recency effect). Among earlier list items, the first few items are recalled more frequently than the middle items (the primacy effect)