Psychology 101 Final Exam Review

Front 1

The frontal lobe is to ________ as the parietal lobe is to ________.

Back 1

moving; sensing movement

Front 2

In contrast to the other research methods, ___________ yields the most definite evidence of cause/effect conclusions.

Back 2

experimental method

Front 3

Why is Wilhelm Wundt considered the "father" of Psychology?

Back 3

He developed the first psychology laboratory and declared psychology a science.

Front 4

Which of the following represents the sequence of scientific investigation in psychology?

Back 4

Observation-Theory-Hypothesis-Evidence

Front 5

According to your book, the science of Psychology was started in ______ in ____________.

Back 5

1879; Germany

Front 6

Dr. Stevens provides psychotherapy to people who suffer from excessive anxiety. Dr. Stevens is most likely a _______ psychologist.

Back 6

clinical

Front 7

Edward Titchener was concerned primarily with the study of:

Back 7

sensory experiences

Front 8

Ivan Pavlov pioneered the study of:

Back 8

learning

Front 9

Basic research on persistent human traits like optimism and pessimism is most characteristic of the specialty known as ________ psychology.

Back 9

personality

Front 10

Understanding why the fear of darkness may have contributed to the survival of our human ancestors is most relevant to the ________ perspective.

Back 10

evolutionary

Front 11

Random samples provide _________ estimates of population averages if the samples have small ________.

Back 11

good; standard deviations

Front 12

A negative correlation between people's physical health and their marital happiness would indicate that:

Back 12

higher levels of marital happiness are associated with lower levels of physical health.

Front 13

In drug-treatment studies, double-blind procedures minimize outcome differences between experimental and control conditions that could be attributed to:

Back 13

placebo effects

Front 14

Mr. Brown has gathered evidence that the weight of grade school students correlates positively with their reading skill. Before he uses this evidence to conclude that body weight enhances reading ability, Mr. Brown should first be reminded that:

Back 14

correlation does not prove causation

Front 15

In an experimental study of the extent to which mental alertness is inhibited by sleep deprivation, alertness would be the:

Back 15

dependent variable

Front 16

Which of the following would be most useful for detecting the exact location of a brain lesion?

Back 16

a CT scan

Front 17

Which of the following chemical messengers is both a neurotransmitter and a hormone?

Back 17

norepinephrine

Front 18

Jud suffered a massive stroke which resulted in damage to his corpus callosum. Sometimes, his right hand has to prevent his left hand from strangling himself. Jud's experience best illustrates:

Back 18

the alien hand syndrome

Front 19

Who would have been most likely to claim that a slight protrusion in a certain region of someone's skull indicated that the individual had an optimistic personality?

Back 19

Franz Gall

Front 20

While listening to operatic solos, musicians process the lyrics and the tunes in separate brain areas. This most clearly illustrates the functioning of different:

Back 20

neural networks

Front 21

As a sleep-research subject for the past three nights, Alan has been repeatedly disturbed during REM sleep. Tonight, when allowed to sleep undisturbed, Alan will most likely experience:

Back 21

an increase in REM sleep

Front 22

Because Carmella, Jorge, and Gail were all sitting behind the same bowling lane, Jackie perceived that they were all members of the same bowling team. This best illustrates the Gestalt organizational principle of:

Back 22

proximity

Front 23

After watching a scary television movie, Julie perceived the noise of the wind rattling her front windows as the sound of a burglar breaking into her house. Her mistaken interpretation best illustrates the influence of:

Back 23

perceptual set

Front 24

Consciousness is most important for the correct performance of behaviors that:

Back 24

are novel and challenging

Front 25

All of the following are true about REM sleep except:

Back 25

sleepwalking is common during REM sleep (REM is associated with visual dreams, blind people experience REM, and a person's limbs are paralyzed during REM)

Front 26

Monocular cue is to ________ as binocular cue is to _________.

Back 26

texture gradient; convergence

Front 27

Once we have formed a wrong idea about reality, we have more difficulty seeing the truth. This best illustrates the impact of:

Back 27

top-down processing

Front 28

People perceive an adult-child pair as looking more alike when told they are parent and child. This best illustrates the effect of:

Back 28

perceptual set

Front 29

ATM machines are more complex than VCRs but are easier to operate thanks to the efforts of:

Back 29

human factors psychologists

Front 30

The lights along the runway were shrouded in such a thick fog that the pilot of an incoming plane nearly overshot the runway. The pilot was most likely misled by the distance cue known as:

Back 30

relative clarity

Front 31

The fact that we recognize objects as having a consistent form regardless of changing viewing angles illustrates:

Back 31

perceptual constancy

Front 32

Drivers sometimes overestimate the distance between their own vehicle and pedestrians who are short because they rely on the distance cue known as:

Back 32

relative size

Front 33

Drivers have been observed to detect traffic signals more slowly if they are also conversing on a cell phone. This best illustrates the impact of:

Back 33

selective attention

Front 34

Dissociation has been used as an explanation for:

Back 34

hypnotic pain relief

Front 35

Sleepwalking is most likely to be associated with _______ sleep.

Back 35

Stage 4

Front 36

The experience of insomnia following discontinued use of a psychoactive drug best illustrates:

Back 36

withdrawal

Front 37

Staying up especially late on weekends is most likely to have an influence on:

Back 37

the circadian rhythm

Front 38

The visual and auditory areas of the brain are most active during ________ sleep.

Back 38

paradoxical

Front 39

If asked to press a button when they are tapped, people can respond in 1/10th of a second. This best illustrates the importance of:

Back 39

subconscious information processing

Front 40

A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is known as _______ sleep.

Back 40

REM

Front 41

If one chimpanzee watches a second chimp solve a puzzle for a food reward, the first chimp may thereby learn how to solve the puzzle. This best illustrates:

Back 41

observational learning

Front 42

Because she has oversight responsibility for the servicing and repair of her company's fleet of cars, Rhonda frequently calls the garage mechanic to inquire whether service on various cars has been completed. She is likely to be reinforced with positive responses to her inquiries on a ___________ schedule.

Back 42

variable-interval

Front 43

In teacher her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure known as:

Back 43

shaping

Front 44

After being bitten by his neighbor's dog, Miguel experienced fear at the sight of that dog, but not at the sight of other dogs. This best illustrates the process of:

Back 44

discrimination

Front 45

Airline frequent flyer programs that reward customers with a free flight after every 25,000 miles of travel illustrate the use of a _________ schedule of reinforcement.

Back 45

fixed-ratio

Front 46

Conditioning seldom occurs when a(n) ________ comes after a(n) ________.

Back 46

CS; UCS

Front 47

For profession baseball players, swinging at a pitched ball is reinforced with a home run on a _________ schedule.

Back 47

variable-ratio

Front 48

If children get attention from their parents for doing cartwheels, they will repeat the trick in anticipation of more attention. This best illustrates:

Back 48

operant conditioning

Front 49

If you get violently ill a couple of hours after eating contaminated food, you will probably develop an aversion to the taste of that food but not to the sight of the restaurant where you ate or to the sound of the music you heard there. This best illustrates that associative learning is constrained by:

Back 49

biological predispositions

Front 50

If you have a frightening experience immediately after hearing a strange sound, your fear may be aroused when you hear that sound again. This best illustrates:

Back 50

classical conditioning

Front 51

At a block party, Cyndi is introduced to eight new neighbors. Moments later, she can only remember the names of the first three and the last two neighbors. Her experience illustrates:

Back 51

the serial position effect

Front 52

An understand of the spacing effect provides insight into effective strategies for:

Back 52

encoding

Front 53

Employing the single word "HOMES" to remember the names of North America's five Great Lakes best illustrates the use of:

Back 53

a mnemonic device

Front 54

Many people can easily recall exactly what they were doing when they heard the news of the 9/11 terrorist tragedy. This best illustrates ________ memory.

Back 54

flashbulb

Front 55

The surprising ease with which people form false memories best illustrates that the processes of encoding and retrieval involve:

Back 55

memory construction

Front 56

Certain amnesic patients are incapable of recalling activities, yet they can be conditioned to blink their eyes in response to a specific sound. They have most likely suffered damage to the:

Back 56

hippocampus

Front 57

Mr. Nydam suffers amnesia and is unable to remember playing golf on a particular course. Yet the more he plays the course, the more his game improves. His experience illustrates the need to distinguish between:

Back 57

explicit and implicit memory

Front 58

A measure of your memory in which you need to pick the correctly learned answer from a displayed list of options is known as a measure of:

Back 58

recognition

Front 59

During her evening Spanish language exam, Janica so easily remembers the French vocabulary she studied that morning that she finds it difficult to recall the Spanish vocabulary she rehearsed that afternoon. Her difficulty best illustrates:

Back 59

proactive interference

Front 60

Ebbinghaus observed that it is much easier to learn meaningful material than to learn nonsense material. This best illustrates the advantage of:

Back 60

semantic encoding

Front 61

Brutus believes that men enjoy watching professional football and that women are categorically distinct from men. His gender stereotypes are so strong, however, that he mistakenly reasons from these premises the illogical conclusion that women do not enjoy watching professional football. His reasoning difficulty best illustrates:

Back 61

belief bias

Front 62

The easier it is for people to remember an instance in which they were betrayed by a friend, the more they expect such an event to recur. This best illustrates the impact of:

Back 62

the availability heuristic

Front 63

A computer program designed to process the information in a psychology textbook and correctly answer multiple-choice questions regarding the text contents illustrates an application of:

Back 63

artificial intelligence

Front 64

People are often unable to come up with the simple solutions to some of the three-jugs problems presented in the text because they repeat more complicated solutions that worked in the past. This best illustrates the dynamics of:

Back 64

a mental set

Front 65

Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as:

Back 65

belief perseverance

Front 66

Adding -ed to the word "laugh" means that the action took place in the past. This illustrates one of the rules of English:

Back 66

semantics

Front 67

Max is so used to thinking that a tough competitive style of behavior is the best way to impress others that he fails to recognize the most effective way to impress his girlfriend is with cooperative tenderness. Max's oversight best illustrates:

Back 67

a fixation

Front 68

Prompt feedback regarding your performance on psychology practice tests is most likely to inhibit:

Back 68

overconfidence

Front 69

Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates:

Back 69

functional fixedness

Front 70

A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly seeking to take advantage of:

Back 70

the representativeness heuristic

Front 71

Stereotype threat is most likely to depress female students' performance on a difficult _______ test and to depress male students' performance on a difficult __________ test.

Back 71

math problem solving; verbal fluency

Front 72

If course exams assess a student's mastery of a representative sample of course material, they are said to:

Back 72

have content validity

Front 73

A performance score on the WAIS that is higher than all but 2 percent of all scores earns an intelligence score of:

Back 73

130

Front 74

Compared to North American students, Asian students perform ___________ on math aptitude and achievement tests and they spend __________ time studying math.

Back 74

better; more

Front 75

An 8-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency of an average 10-year-old was said to have the IQ of:

Back 75

125

Front 76

Although diagnosed with autism and hardly able to speak coherently, 18-year-old Andrew can produce intricate and detailed drawings of scenes he has viewed only once. Andrew illustrates a condition known as:

Back 76

savant syndrome

Front 77

An 8-year-old who responded to the original Stanford-Binet with the proficiency typical of an average 10-year-old was said to have a mental age of:

Back 77

10

Front 78

College graduates are the criterion for the _________ of the SAT.

Back 78

predictive validity

Front 79

Mark experiences severe mental retardation. Although he speaks very little, he has been trained to put on his own clothes and perform simple tasks under close supervision. Mark's intelligence test score is most likely between:

Back 79

20 and 35

Front 80

Comparing the academic accomplishments of those who score extremely low with those who score extremely high on intelligence tests is an effective way to highlight the tests:

Back 80

validity

Front 81

Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the:

Back 81

placenta

Front 82

A child's realization that others may have beliefs which the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of:

Back 82

a theory of mind

Front 83

Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist's waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother's side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of:

Back 83

secure attachment

Front 84

Jarrud thinks he should obey his teachers only if they are carefully watching him. Kohlberg would suggest that Jarrud demonstrates a(n) ___________ morality.

Back 84

preconventional

Front 85

A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every 3 years as they progress through school is conducting a(n) ___________ study.

Back 85

longitudinal

Front 86

"I don't care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!" This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style.

Back 86

authoritarian

Front 87

Many researchers believe that people's styles of romantic love in adulthood reflect their childhood:

Back 87

attachment experiences

Front 88

A series of small strokes that progressively damage an elderly person's brain is most likely to produce:

Back 88

dementia

Front 89

As adults age, they show the greatest declines in __________ intelligence and in the memory capacities needed to _________ recently presented information.

Back 89

fluid; recall

Front 90

Infants' tendency to gaze longer at novel stimuli than at familiar ones provides compelling evidence regarding their:

Back 90

memory capacities

Front 91

A starving rat will lose all interest in food if its ________ is destroyed.

Back 91

lateral hypothalamus

Front 92

Regardless of their sexual orientation, women are more likely than men to be aroused by both male and female sexual images. This best illustrates gender differences in:

Back 92

erotic plasticity

Front 93

A tendency to assume that employees view work as a job rather than a calling is most characteristic of:

Back 93

Theory X managers

Front 94

Over the past 50 years, the incidence of anorexia nervosa has steadily increased. This is most clearly attributable to:

Back 94

cultural ideals of beauty that increasingly encourage thinness.

Front 95

Bulimia patients are most likely to come from families with an unusually high incidence of:

Back 95

alcoholism and depression

Front 96

For each performance review, Professor Donnell is evaluated by her students, colleagues, department chair, and research assistants. This best illustrates:

Back 96

360-degree feedback

Front 97

Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese even though she is underweight. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey most clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

Back 97

anorexia nervosa

Front 98

Compared to sexual intercourse rates among teens in North America, the rates among teens are _________ in Western Europe and ________ in Asia.

Back 98

higher; lower

Front 99

Destruction of the ________ causes an animal to _________.

Back 99

ventomedial hypothalamus; overeat

Front 100

During which phase of the sexual response cycle does the refractory period begin?

Back 100

the resolution phase

Front 101

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system _________ salivation and _________ blood pressure.

Back 101

decreases; increases

Front 102

Shondra, an experienced member of her high school swimming team, has just recently joined her high school debate team. A high level of physiological arousal during team competition is likely to ________ her swimming performance and ________ her debate performance.

Back 102

enhance; disrupt

Front 103

People who were exposed to different parts of emotion-laden faces detected anger mostly from the _______ and happiness mostly from the _______.

Back 103

eyes; mouth

Front 104

Professor Crane was ecstatic when he learned that one of his research studies had been approved for publication. His feelings of joy quickly dissipated, however, when he heard a colleague recently had three different research articles accepted for publication. His declining emotional satisfaction is best explained in terms of the:

Back 104

relative deprivation principle

Front 105

After receiving exciting news about the birth of a healthy grandson, Mr. Haney was easily persuaded to contribute a generous sum of money to a neighborhood church. This best illustrates the:

Back 105

feel-good, do-good phenomenon

Front 106

Antonio's car stalls in the middle of a railroad crossing just as a train is rapidly approaching. His emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by:

Back 106

an increased respiration rate

Front 107

An overreactive immune system is to ________ as an underreactive immune system is to _________.

Back 107

arthritis; AIDS

Front 108

One person, alone in a house, dismisses its creaking sounds and experiences no stress; someone else suspects an intruder and becomes alarmed. These different reactions illustrate the importance of:

Back 108

stress appraisal

Front 109

Psychologists would most likely use biofeedback to provide clients with information about their:

Back 109

muscle tension

Front 110

Aerobic exercise __________ the body's production of serotonin and _________ is production of endorphine.

Back 110

increases; increases

Front 111

Although Alex has frequently been caught stealing money and other valuables from friends as well as strangers, he does not feel guilty of remorseful about robbing these people. Alex most clearly demonstrates:

Back 111

a weak superego

Front 112

In 1921, Hermann Rorschach introduced what has become the most widely used ________ test.

Back 112

projective

Front 113

Bryce often acts so daring and overly confident that few people realize he is actually riddled with unconscious insecurity and self-doubt. Bryce best illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

Back 113

reaction formation

Front 114

During a phone call to the Psychic Network, Mark was told that "you often worry about things much more than you admit, even to your best friends." Mark's amazement at the psychic's apparent understanding of his personality best illustrates:

Back 114

the Barnum effect

Front 115

After experiencing prolonged and seemingly inescapable physical abuse from her husband, Kayla became increasingly depressed and hopelessly resigned to her suffering. Her reaction best illustrates:

Back 115

learned helplessness

Front 116

Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of:

Back 116

a positive self-concept

Front 117

Children who have witnessed a parent's murder report memories that most clearly challenge Freud's concept of:

Back 117

repression

Front 118

Which personality test classifies people in terms of the personality dimensions highlighted by Carl Jung?

Back 118

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Front 119

Displays of self-effacing humility are most characteristic of those who value:

Back 119

collectivism

Front 120

Defining one's identity in terms of one's extended family or work group is most closely associated with:

Back 120

collectivism

Front 121

Lenore is unexplainably and continually tense and is plagued by muscle tension, sleeplessness, and an inability to concentrate. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n):

Back 121

generalized anxiety disorder

Front 122

Although Mark realizes that his behavior is unreasonable, he is so alarmed by high bridges or expressway overpasses that he avoids them by taking an unnecessarily lengthy route to and from work each day. Mark appears to suffer from a(n):

Back 122

phobia

Front 123

Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are try to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from:

Back 123

delusions

Front 124

After participants in one study were informed that a videotaped interviewee was a psychiatric patient, they characterized the person with phrases such as "a passive type" and "frightened of his own impulses". This study best illustrated the:

Back 124

biasing power of diagnostic labels

Front 125

People around the world may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently depending on their own personal expectations and the definitions of abnormality common to their unique culture. This best illustrates the need for:

Back 125

bio-psycho-social perspective

Front 126

Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce:

Back 126

hallucinations

Front 127

If researchers discovered that genetically influenced abnormalities in brain structure contribute to bipolar disorder, this would clearly add credibility to:

Back 127

the medical model

Front 128

Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching the shoreline of any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion reflects a ___________ perspective.

Back 128

learning

Front 129

Janette, a 30-year-old teacher, regularly loses her temper and experiences tension and fatigue. Her behavior is most likely to be diagnosed as psychologically disordered if it is:

Back 129

personally disabling and a cause of suffering

Front 130

The avoidance of situations in which help may not be available when panic strikes is most characteristic of:

Back 130

agoraphobia

Front 131

Elaine feels that her life is empty, has lost all interest in her career and hobbies, and wonders if she would be better off dead. she is most likely suffering from:

Back 131

a mood disorder

Front 132

Which of the following individuals is most likely to benefit from lithium?

Back 132

Miranda, who experiences periods of extreme sadness followed by episodes of optimistic overexcitement

Front 133

Classical psychoanalysts were especially interested in:

Back 133

interpreting the meaning of clients' resistance to therapeutic procedures

Front 134

For which of the following disorders is psychotherapy most likely to be effective in the long run?

Back 134

phobias

Front 135

During her weekly therapy sessions, Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates:

Back 135

resistance

Front 136

Several years after his wife's death, Mr. Sanchez remains incapacitated by feelings of sadness. In order to reduce Mr. Sanchez's depression, a therapist is actively encouraging him to stop blaming himself for not being able to prevent it. The therapist's approach is more representative of:

Back 136

cognitive therapy

Front 137

Which form of therapy is most likely to serve as a preventive mental health strategy?

Back 137

family therapy

Front 138

Recognizing that depressed people do not exhibit the self-serving bias common in non-depressed people is most helpful for appreciating which therapeutic approach?

Back 138

cognitive therapy

Front 139

The effectiveness of psychotherapy shows little if any connection to:

Back 139

the level of training and experience of the therapist

Front 140

The double-blind technique is most likely to be used in evaluating the effectiveness of:

Back 140

drug therapies

Front 141

T/F - Human intuition is remarkably accurate and free from error.

Back 141

FALSE

Front 142

T/F - Most people seem to lack confidence in the accuracy of their beliefs.

Back 142

FALSE

Front 143

T/F - Case studies are particularly useful because of the similarities we all share.

Back 143

FALSE

Front 144

T/F - The opinions of 1500 randomly selected people can provide a very accurate picture of the opinions of an entire nation.

Back 144

TRUE

Front 145

T/F - As a science, psychology is objective and value-free.

Back 145

FALSE

Front 146

T/F - A small amount of brain tissue from a person cannot be distinguished from that of a monkey.

Back 146

TRUE

Front 147

T/F - Electrically stimulating a cat's brain at a certain point can cause the animal to cower in terror in the presence of a small mouse.

Back 147

TRUE

Front 148

T/F - We ordinarily use only 10 percent of our brains.

Back 148

FALSE

Front 149

T/F - Some people can write but are unable to read.

Back 149

TRUE

Front 150

T/F - If a blind person uses one finger to read Braille, the brain area dedicated to that finger expands.

Back 150

TRUE

Front 151

T/F - Understanding illusions provides important clues to the ordinary mechanisms of perception.

Back 151

TRUE

Front 152

T/F - We see objects as having the same size, shape, and color even though the images the objects cast upon our eyes change.

Back 152

TRUE

Front 153

T/F - If required to look through a pair of glasses that turns the world upside down, we soon adapt and coordinate our movements without difficulty.

Back 153

TRUE

Front 154

T/F - If people are told that an infant is "David", they are likely to see "him" as bigger and stronger than if the same infant is called "Diana".

Back 154

TRUE

Front 155

T/F - Psychics have frequently been successful in helping the police solve crimes.

Back 155

FALSE

Front 156

T/F - People prone to delinquency and violence have fewer vivid fantasies.

Back 156

TRUE

Front 157

T/F - Most university students are "evening" persons whose performance improves throughout the day.

Back 157

TRUE

Front 158

T/F - People who sleep seven to eight hours a night tend to outlive those chronically sleep-deprived.

Back 158

TRUE

Front 159

T/F - The most common dreams are those with sexual imagery.

Back 159

FALSE

Front 160

T/F - Most psychologists believe that dreams provide a key to understanding our inner conflicts.

Back 160

FALSE

Front 161

T/F - Humans are the only animals that can learn behaviors merely by observing others perform them.

Back 161

FALSE

Front 162

T/F - The study of inner thoughts, feelings, and motives has always occupied a central place in psychology.

Back 162

FALSE

Front 163

T/F - Negative reinforcement is another term form punishment.

Back 163

FALSE

Front 164

T/F - Psychologists agree that punishment, regardless of its form, has little effect on behavior.

Back 164

FALSE

Front 165

T/F - Research indicates that televised violence leads to aggressive behavior by children and teenagers who watch the programs.

Back 165

TRUE

Front 166

T/F - Memory storage is never automatic; it always takes effort.

Back 166

FALSE

Front 167

T/F - Memory aids (for example, those that use imagery and devices for organization) are no more useful than simple rehearsal of information.

Back 167

FALSE

Front 168

T/F - When people learn something while intoxicated, they recall it best when they are intoxicated again.

Back 168

TRUE

Front 169

T/F - How confident eyewitnesses are about what they saw is an important predictor of their accuracy.

Back 169

FALSE

Front 170

T/F - Our experiences are etched on our brain, just as the grooves on a tape receive and retain recorded messages.

Back 170

FALSE

Front 171

T/F - We notice evidence that contradicts our beliefs more readily than evidence that is consistent with them.

Back 171

FALSE

Front 172

T/F - In general, people underestimate how much they really know.

Back 172

FALSE

Front 173

T/F - It takes less compelling evidence to change our beliefs than it did to create them in the first place.

Back 173

FALSE

Front 174

T/F - People who lack our words for shapes and colors also seem to perceive these features very differently.

Back 174

TRUE

Front 175

T/F - Today's millionaires had well-above average college grades.

Back 175

FALSE

Front 176

T/F - In general, people with high intelligence scores are more creative than people with low intelligence scores.

Back 176

TRUE

Front 177

T/F - Today's Americans score higher on IQ tests than Americans did in the 1930s.

Back 177

TRUE

Front 178

T/F - How quickly 2- to 7-month old babies become bored with a picture is a useful predictor of later intelligence.

Back 178

TRUE

Front 179

T/F - As adopted children grow older, their intelligence scores become more similar to those of their biological parents than those of their adoptive parents.

Back 179

TRUE

Front 180

T/F - Only human beings seem capable of insight (the sudden realization of a problem's solution).

Back 180

FALSE

Front 181

T/F - Most abusive parents themselves were battered or neglected as children.

Back 181

TRUE

Front 182

T/F - Nine of 10 high-school seniors agree with the statement, "On the whole, I'm satisfied with myself."

Back 182

TRUE

Front 183

T/F - People in their twenties and thirties report greater life satisfaction than those in their sixties and seventies.

Back 183

FALSE

Front 184

T/F -The first two years of life provide a good basis for predicting a person's eventual personality traits.

Back 184

FALSE

Front 185

T/F - Descriptions of the feelings accompanying orgasm written by men cannot be distinguished from those written by women.

Back 185

TRUE

Front 186

T/F - Research has shown that homosexuality is linked with problems in a child's relationships with parents.

Back 186

FALSE

Front 187

T/F - When asked "What is it that makes your life meaningful?" most people mention "meaningful work" before anything else.

Back 187

FALSE

Front 188

T/F - Married people are less at risk for depression, suicide, and early death than are unattached people.

Back 188

TRUE

Front 189

T/F - The polygraph has proved to be extremely effective in detecting lies.

Back 189

FALSE

Front 190

T/F - State lottery winners report little change in their general life happiness.

Back 190

TRUE

Front 191

T/F - Half the mortality from the 10 leading causes of death is due to people's behavior.

Back 191

TRUE

Front 192

T/F - Cancer rates are higher among concentration camp survivors.

Back 192

FALSE

Front 193

T/F - Religious faith and health show a strong positive correlation.

Back 193

TRUE

Front 194

T/F - Compared to others, pessimists are more than twice as likely to develop heart disease.

Back 194

TRUE

Front 195

T/F - Freud believed that boys develop sexual desires for their mother when they are between 3 and 6 years of age.

Back 195

TRUE

Front 196

T/F - Psychologists generally agree that painful experiences commonly get pushed out of awareness and into the unconscious.

Back 196

FALSE

Front 197

T/F - A surprisingly strong relationship exists between body type or physique and personality.

Back 197

FALSE

Front 198

T/F - Most people recognize that personality descriptions based on horoscopes are invalid.

Back 198

TRUE

Front 199

T/F - Research has indicated that there is virtually no relationship between a student's being conscientious on one occasion (say, showing up for class on time) and being similarly conscientious on another occasion (say, turning in assignments on time).

Back 199

TRUE

Front 200

T/F - The majority of people suffer from low self-esteem.

Back 200

FALSE

Front 201

T/F - The American Psychiatric Association believe smoking can be a symptom of psychological disorder.

Back 201

TRUE

Front 202

T/F - In some cultures, depression and schizophrenia are non-existent.

Back 202

FALSE

Front 203

T/F - Research indicated that in the United States there are more prison inmates with severe mental disorders than there are psychiatric inpatients in all the country's hospitals.

Back 203

TRUE

Front 204

T/F - Dissociative identity disorder is a type of schizophrenia.

Back 204

FALSE

Front 205

T/F - There is strong evidence for a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia.

Back 205

TRUE

Front 206

T/F - Psychoanalysis is another word for psychotherapy.

Back 206

FALSE

Front 207

T/F - Regardless of their theoretical orientation, therapists agree that self-awareness is the key to overcoming psychological problems

Back 207

FALSE

Front 208

T/F - The training and experience of the therapist is a crucial factor in determining therapeutic success.

Back 208

FALSE

Front 209

T/F - Many people have found relief from manic-depressive mood swings with a daily dose of a cheap salt.

Back 209

TRUE

Front 210

T/F - Electroconvulsive therapy is no longer used in the treatment of psychological disorders.

Back 210

FALSE