Psychology Final Exam Part 2

Front 1

Sympathetic Nervous System

Back 1

The arousing feeling (Fight Response)

Front 2

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Back 2

The calming feeling (Flight Response)

Front 3

Reticular Formation

Back 3

A nerve network in the brain stem that plays an important role in controlling wakefulness and arousal

Front 4

Pons

Back 4

The part of the brainstem that links the medulaa oblongata and the thalamus

Front 5

Medulla

Back 5

Located at the base of the brainstem, it controls basic life-support functions like heartbeat and breathing

Front 6

Thalamus

Back 6

The brains sensory switchboard, located on the top of the brainstem; directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex

Front 7

Hypothalamus

Back 7

A neural structure lying below the thalamus; helps regulate many of the body's maintenance activities

Front 8

Pituitary Gland

Back 8

The endocrine system's "master gland" that in junction with the brain controls other endocrine glands

Front 9

Hippocampus

Back 9

A neural center located in the limbic system that wraps around the back of the thalamus; it helps process new memories for permanent storage

Front 10

Cerebellum

Back 10

The "Little Brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem; it helps coordinate voluntary movements and balance

Front 11

Corpus Callosum

Back 11

The large band of neural tissue that connects the two brain hemispheres and allows them to communicate with each other

Front 12

Frontal Lobe

Back 12

Right behind the forehead: involved with planning and judgement; includes motor cortex

Front 13

Parietal Lobe

Back 13

Top of the head and toward the rear. Somatosensory cortex and general association areas used for processing information

Front 14

Temporal Lobe

Back 14

Lies roughly above the ears; includes auditory (hearing) areas of the brain

Front 15

Occipital Lobe

Back 15

Lies at the back of the head; includes the primary visual processing areas of the brain

Front 16

Broca's Area

Back 16

A brain area of the left frontal love that directs the muscle movements involved with speech

Front 17

Wernicke's Area

Back 17

Brain area in the left temporal love involved in language comprehension and expression

Front 18

Hormones

Back 18

A chemical messenger produced by the endocrine glands and circulated in the blood

Front 19

Epinephrine

Back 19

Hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, in conditions o stress, increasing rates in blood, etc.

Front 20

Insulin

Back 20

A hormone the pancreas gland secretes, which allows the cells to use the available glucose

Front 21

Thyroxin

Back 21

Main hormone produced by the thyroid gland that regulates the metabolic rate of the body

Front 22

Amygdala

Back 22

An almond-shaped cluster in the limbic system that controls the emotional responses, such as fear and anger.

Front 23

Longitudinal fissure

Back 23

The long crevice that divides the cerebral cortex into the left and right hemispheres

Front 24

Hemispheric Differences

Back 24

The left side of the brain controls the right side of the body and the right controls the left.

Front 25

Plasticity

Back 25

The brains ability to change as a result of experience

Front 26

Perception

Back 26

The process of organizing and interpreting incoming sensory information

Front 27

Accommodation

Back 27

Lens change shape to focus or objects closer and farther away from you

Front 28

Sensory Adaption

Back 28

Diminished sensitivity to constant and unchanging stimulation

Front 29

Subliminal Threshold

Back 29

Stimulus is perceived 50% of the time

Front 30

Top-down Processing

Back 30

Information processing that draws on expectations are experiences to interpret incoming sensory info

Front 31

Bottom-Up Processing

Back 31

Information processing that analyzes the raw stimuli entering through the many sensory systems

Front 32

Sensation

Back 32

The process by which sensory systems (eyes, ears, and other sensory organs) and the nervous system receive stimuli from our environment

Front 33

Opponent-Process Theory

Back 33

A theory of color vision that says the color is processed by the cones organized in opponent pairs (red-yellow, yellow-blue, Black/white); light that stimulates 1/2 of the pair inhibits the other half

Front 34

LEns

Back 34

A transparent structure behind the pupil behind the eye that changes the shape to focus images on the retina

Front 35

Optic Nerve

Back 35

Nerve that carries visual info from the eye to the occipital loves of the brain

Front 36

Pupil

Back 36

Adjustable opening in the center of the iris, which controls the amount of light entering the eye

Front 37

Retina

Back 37

Light-sensitive surface at the back of the eyeball

Front 38

Cochlea

Back 38

Major organ of hearing; a snail-shaped, bony, fluid-filled structure in the inner ear where sound waves are changed to neural impulses

Front 39

Ganglion Cells

Back 39

A nerve cell whose body is outside the central nervous system; receives visual information

Front 40

Olfactory cells

Back 40

Nerve cells that help you smell things in/around your environment

Front 41

Pain Detection Cells

Back 41

Nerve cells that help determine the level of pain intensity

Front 42

Rods

Back 42

Visual receptor cells located in the retina that can only see black, white and gray

Front 43

Cones

Back 43

Visual receptor cells located in the retina that can only detect sharp details and color

Front 44

Gestalt Psychology

Back 44

The "whole" or the organizational patterns that we tend to perceive; the gestalt psychology emphasized that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts

Front 45

Visual Cliff

Back 45

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Front 46

Interposition

Back 46

Closer objects partially obstruct the view of more distant objects

Front 47

Relative Clarity

Back 47

Distant objects are less clear than nearby ones

Front 48

Relative Motion

Back 48

Perceived slowness indicates an object is far

Front 49

Relative Size

Back 49

IMages appearing larger when close and smaller when farther

Front 50

Retinal Disparity

Back 50

A binocular depth cue resulting to the tension in the eye muscles when the eyes track inward to focus on objects close to the viewer

Front 51

Phi Phenomenon

Back 51

Optical illusion of perceiving continuous motion between separate objects viewed in rapid succession