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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some physical characteristics of middle childhood?
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The CNS is at adult weight.
The permanent teeth grow in. There is continued growth in bone and muscle Girls have a growth spurt at age 10/11. |
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What percentage of adolescents are diagnosed with mental illness?
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15%
learning disorders eating disorders depression |
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What is a psychoanalytic reason for high risk behavior?
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Insecurity associated with the transition to adulthood.
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Where do early adults get their goals from?
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Identity work
Family Society |
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What stage is adolescence according to Piaget?
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Formal Operations
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What identity status has the best relationships?
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Identity Achievement
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What is minor depression called?
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Dysthmia
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What is a cognitive reason for risk taking?
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Adolescents look at things from a narrow perspective of the present.
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What is Piagets 3rd cognitive stage?
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Concrete Operations or Concrete Reasoning.
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What are 3 psychosocial developments in middle childhood?
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School begins
Peer group connections are made Children learn valuable skills |
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What test is given in middle childhood to find out if a child is on track developmentally?
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Early Prevention of School Failure.
EPSF |
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What changes have created this long stage of adolescence in modern times?
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Child labor laws and laws that keep children in school
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What are some features of major depression?
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Sad/hopeless for 1-2 weeks
Sleep and appetite disturbances Low concentration Low interest in sex/relationships Memory problems Negative thoughts |
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What is a social learning reason for risk taking?
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The behavior may be learned from adults or peers.
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What identity status has the most distant relationships?
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Identity confusion
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What are 2 eating disorders?
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Anorexia
Bulemia |
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What is a sociocultural reason for risk taking?
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Adolescents see it in the media - television, movies, magazines.
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What is the psychological purpose of adolescence?
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A time to form identity.
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What identity status has the best work adjustment?
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Identity Achievement
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What percent of adolescents are rebellious?
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20%
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What is a major characteristics of early adulthood?
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There are no more developmental milestones.
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What are 3 cognitive changes that take place in middle childhood?
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Sense of spatial relations
Categorical thinking improves Cause and effect become obvious |
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What 3 things influence a child's success or failure at school?
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Parent involvement-help, encouragement, parent/teacher alliance, rewards
School issues-learning materials, safety, class size Peers - groups with similar interests |
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What did Erikson say adolescence is?
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Identity formation
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What identity status has the worst work adjustment?
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Identity confusion
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What are Baumrinds 3 styles of parenting?
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Authoritarian-little warmth, need to control, results in rebellion
Permissive-has warmth, relies on negotiation Authoritative-discipline varies,has warmth. |
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In early adulthood, people see their future in terms of ...
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Personal Social Clock or
Future Time Perspective |
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What is Erikson's idea of middle childhood?
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Industry vs. Inferiority
The self concept is developed |
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What are the 3 issues that must be resolved to form an identity.
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Sexual orientation
Career direction World view and values |
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Name Marcia's 4 Identity Statuses.
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Ident. achievement-crisis,committment
Ident. foreclosure-no crisis,committment Ident. moratorium-crisis,no committment Ident. confusion-no crisis,no commitment |
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What did Freud say about adolescents?
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They are unstable
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What age is high risk behavior most prevalent?
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16-24
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Adulthood is...
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making life what you want it to be.
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What is a definition for adolescence?
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A bridge from childhood to adolescence.
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Why are there many parent/child conflicts in adolescents according to Freud?
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Because of hormonal changes.
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What is a biological reason for risk taking?
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High MAO levels
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Mentally healthier early adults have this...
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Future plans
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What gains in physical growth and motor development occur during middle childhood?
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Growth is slower than in infant & early childhood
Children grow 1-3" & gain 5-8lbs. Late in mid. childhood, girls have growth spurt and gain 10lb. per year. |
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How is school-age children's thinking & moral reasoning different from that of younger children?
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Spatial thinking, Categorization,
Transition inference, Class inclusion, Inductive reasoning, deductive reasoning, conservation, numbers & math |
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Explain the important influences on children's school achievement
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Type of kindergarten attended
Number of parents in home Amount on interest, attention, participation in school Home environment Socioeconomic status |
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How do school-age children develop a realistic self-concept?
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They have the cognitive ability to form representational systems. They look at more than 1 dimension of themself. They learn valuable skills for productive work.
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What impact does family structure have on children's development?
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The more stable family members a child grows up with the more emotionally stable the child will be.
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What physical changes do adolescents experience and how do these changes affect them psychologically?
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Breasts, pubic hair, underarm hair, body growth, menarche, increase in sweat and oil glands, growth of testes and scrotal sac, penis and prostrate gland, change in voice.
Early boys-good, Early girls-bad |
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How does adolescents' thinking differ from that of younger children?
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Adolescents can think abstractly-younger can't.
Adolescents are capable of hypothetical deductive reasoning - younger can't. |
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What influences success in secondary school, and why do some students drop out?
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Belief in self, parental involvement, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, quality of schooling. Drop out because they are not actively engaged in school.
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How do adolescents form an identity?
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They modify and synthesize earlier identifications into a new psychological structure greater than the sum of its parts. They must solve choice of occupation, sexual identity, adoption of values and world views.
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How common are sexually transmitted diseases and teenage pregnancy, and what are the usual outcomes?
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STD's - 1 out of 4 Americans
Teen Preg - 1 out of 10 girls STD's:many diseases and sometimes death Preg:1/2 have abortions, 1/7 miscarry |
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How typical is adolescent rebellion?
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Fewer than 1 in 5 teenagers are involved in adolescent rebellion.
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Summarize major research findings regarding parent-adolescent relationships
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adolescent less time with parents
parents want adol. to be independent Parents argue with adolescents Authoritative parenting works best 2 parents are advantage during adol. Economic stress in parents - negative. |
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What is distinctive about adult thought and intelligence?
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Postformal thought. It is applied in social situations and involves the ability to shift between abstract reasoning and practical considerations.
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How do higher education and work affect cognitive development?
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college kids:show better reasoning abilities.
Perry: college kids thinking goes from rigidity to flexibility to freely chosen committments. complex work-intellectual leisure activities |
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Does personality change during adulthood, and if so how?
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Costa/McCrae-5 Factor Model-very little
Block-ego-resiliance,ego-control-same Normative change occurs with crisis. |
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Name the five factors of Costa and McCrae
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Neuroticism
Extroversion Openness to Experience Conscientiousness Agreeableness |
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Freuds components of personality
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Superego-conscience
Ego-master control Id-immediate gratification |
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What are Vailants four coping styles?
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Mature-use humor, constructive
Immature-physical problems Psychotic-dillusions, halucinations Neurotic-depression, anxiety |
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Neugarten-people grow in ego strength over time
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capacity to hold yourself together under everyday stress
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Erikson about Early Adulthood
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Intimacy vs. Isolation
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Erikson's model (1950's-60's)about early adulthood.
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Identity formation is basis for intimacy.
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Gilligan's idea about early adulthood (1970's-80's)
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Women may use intimacy to form identity.
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