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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is Psychology? |
Psychology is the study of thoughts and behavior |
Mental processes and behavior (thinking, feeling and remembering) |
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Distinguish the difference between mental processes and behavior. |
Mental processes : what the brain is telling you to do. Behavior : your actions |
Mental processes: thoughts, dreams Behavior: observable, what we do |
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What is structuralism? (Psychological perspectives ) |
Breaking consciousness/experience down into basic elements of sensation and feelings |
Best way to understand thought and behavior |
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What is Functionalism? |
Consciousness helps people adapt to their environments. How mental processing guides people's ability to make decisions . |
Charles Darwin's theory of Natural selection. |
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What is Gestalt? |
Theory of Psychology that maintains that we perceive things as a whole rather than its parts. |
Against breaking down consciousness. "GREATER THAN THE SUM OF ITS PARTS" |
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What is psychoanalysis? |
Therapy focusing on bringing unconscious material to conscious awareness. |
Hypnosis, free association |
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What is behaviorism? |
Proposed that psychology could be true science if it only examines observable behavior. |
Observable behavior NOT ideas,thoughts, feelings,or motives |
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Understand how Wundt used the concept of INTROSPECTION. |
Involves looking into one's own mind for information about the nature of conscious experience |
Wundt wanted to describe human experience in terms of the elements that combined to produce it. |
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What is scientific method? |
Procedures by which scientists conduct research consisting of the 5 basic processes : observe, predict,test, interpret and communicate. |
O(observe) P (predict) T (test) I (interpret) C (communication) O-P-T-I-C |
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What is Theory ? |
A set of related assumptions from which scientists can make testable predictions |
ASSUMPTIONS |
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What is a hypothesis? |
Is a specific,informed,and testable prediction of what kind of outcome should occur under a particular condition. |
An educated guess based on outcome of particular set |
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What is an operational definition?
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How a variable is defined or made objective |
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What is a variable ? |
Test subjects. That can make a difference within the experiment |
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What is an independent variable ? |
Manipulated by experimenter Expected to cause change in another variable. |
Causes change |
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What is a dependent variable? |
Depends on independent variable. |
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What is a naturalistic observation? |
Observation of behavior in the environment in which it typically occurs. |
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What is the advantages and disadvantages of naturalistic observation? |
Advantages: realistic setting Disadvantages: only describes |
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What is a case study ? |
Intensive examination of a specific person or situation. |
Observes one person for a long period of time. |
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What is the advantages and disadvantages of a case study ? |
Advantages: very detailed, rare and private phenomena. Disadvantages : may not presentative, can not define everyone as a whole |
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What is a survey ? |
Questionnaires or interviews given to many people |
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What is the advantages and disadvantages of a survey? |
Advantages: lots of data, fast and inexpensive Disadvantages : question wording, response bias ,social desirability and sampling errors |
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What is a correlational study? |
Study measures 2 or more variables and relationship to one another. |
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What are the advantages and disadvantages of correlational studies ? |
Advantages : test predictions , evaluates theories and new hypothesis Disadvantages : not designed to show causation. |
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What is the correlation coefficient?
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R=T.37 |
T=indicates direction .37=indicates strengths |
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What is the distinction between correlation and causation? |
You can NEVER definitely assume causation from a correlational relatioship. |
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What is an experiment ? |
A research that includes an independent and dependent variables and random assignments of participants to control and experimental groups or conditions. |
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What is an experimental and control group? |
Experimental: a group participating that receives treatment to predict the change of behavior. Control group: a group who is treated in the exact manner except do not receive treatment |
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