Psychology - Dennis Coon - Chapter 3

Front 1

Development Psychology

Back 1

The study of progressive changes in behavior and abilities from conception to death.

Front 2

Heredity ("nature")

Back 2

The transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parents to offspring through genes

Front 3

How many chromosomes make up a cell?

Back 3

Every human body holds 46 chromosomes that hold coded instructions of heredity except sperm cells and ova which hold 23 cells from the male and 23 from the female which make up the genetic heritage.

Front 4

What are Chromosones made up of?

Back 4

DNA

Front 5

What is DNA?

Back 5

a long ladder-like change of chemical molicules which acts as a code of instructions needed to make a human - with room left over to spare.

Front 6

Genes

Back 6

specific areas on a strand of DNA that carry hereditary information

Front 7

What is a polygenic characteristic?

Back 7

Personal traits or physical properties that are influenced by many genes working in combination

Front 8

Dominant gene

Back 8

A gene whose influence will be expressed each time the gene is present

Front 9

Recessive gene

Back 9

A gene whose influence will be expressed when it is paired with a second repressive gene

Front 10

Temperament

Back 10

The physical core of personality, including emotional and perceptual sensitivity, energy levels, typical mood, and so forth.

Front 11

Environment("nurture")

Back 11

The sum of all external conditions affecting development, including especially the effects of learning

Front 12

sensitive period

Back 12

During development, a period of increased sensibility to environmental influences. Also, a time during which certain events must take place for normal development to occur.

Front 13

Congenital problems

Back 13

Problems or defects that originate during prenatal development in the womb.

Front 14

Genetic disorders

Back 14

Problems caused by defects in the genes or by inherited characteristics

Front 15

Teratogen

Back 15

Radiation, a drug, or other substances capable of altering fetal development in ways taht cause birth defects

Front 16

Prenatal Period

Back 16

From conception to birth - Zygote

Front 17

Germinal period

Back 17

First 2 weeks after conception - embryo

Front 18

embryonic period

Back 18

2-8 weeks after conception - Fetus

Front 19

Fetal Period

Back 19

From 8 weeks after conception to birth - Fetus

Front 20

Neonatal Period

Back 20

From birth to a few weeks after birth - Neonate

Front 21

Infancy

Back 21

From a few weeks after birth until a child is walking securely, some children walk securely at less than a year, while others may not be able to walk until age 17 - 18 months - infant

Front 22

Early Childhood

Back 22

From about 15 - 18 months until about 1 - 2.5 years - Toddler
From age 2 - 3 to about 6 - Preschool child

Front 23

Middle Childhood

Back 23

From about 6 to about 12 - School-aged child

Front 24

Pubescence

Back 24

Period of about 2 years before puberty -

Front 25

Puberty

Back 25

Period of development at which biological changes of pubescence reach a climax marked by sexual maturity

Front 26

Adolescence

Back 26

From the beginning of pubescence until full social maturity is reached (difficult to fix duration of this period) - Adolescent

Front 27

Adulthood

Back 27

From adolescence to death; sometimes divided into other periods I.e.(young adulthood(19-25) adulthood (26-40) Maturity(41 plus) - Adult

Front 28

Senesence

Back 28

No defined limit that would apply to all people; extremely variable; characterized by marked psysiological and psychological deteriation - adult(senile, "old age"

Front 29

Sensitive period

Back 29

During development, a period of increased sensitivity to environmental influences. Also, a time during which certain events must take place for normal development to occur.

Front 30

Contenital problems.

Back 30

Problems or defects that originate during prenatal development in the womb.

Front 31

intrauterine environment

Back 31

interior of the womb

Front 32

What are some examples of genetic disorders?

Back 32

sickle-cell anemia, hemophilia, cystic fibrosis, muscular distrophy, albinism, and some forms of mental retardation.

Front 33

What are some of the effects of Fetal Alchol Syndrome?

Back 33

low birth weight, small head, bodily defects, facial malformations, possible emotional, behavioral and mental handicaps.

Front 34

What is the risk to fetus of heavy smokers?

Back 34

Miscarriage, premature or underweight babies, lower survival rate, lowered language and mental ability

Front 35

Teratogens

Back 35

Anything capable of causing birth defects

Front 36

What are examples of a teratogen?

Back 36

radiation, lead, pesticides, cocaine

Front 37

What can a mother do to minimize prenatal risks?

Back 37

1. maintain good nutrition.
2. learn relaxation and stress reduction techniques
3. avoid teratogens and other harmful substances
4. get adaquate exercise
5. obtain general exucation about pregnancy and childbirth

Front 38

dendrites

Back 38

nerve cell branches or

Front 39

synapes

Back 39

connections between nercve cells

Front 40

Deprivation

Back 40

In development, the loss or withholding of normal stimulation, nutrition, comfort, love, and so forth, a condition of lacking.

Front 41

Enrichment

Back 41

Deliberately making an environment more a novel, complex, and perceptually or intellectually stimulating.

Front 42

Developmental level

Back 42

An individual's current state of physical, emotional, and intellectual development.

Front 43

Reciprocal Influences

Back 43

Interactions between parent and child ( mothers touch, feed and sing to child, child smiles more and relationship blossoms between mother and child)

Front 44

Maturation

Back 44

The physical growth and development of the body and nervous system

Front 45

Readiness

Back 45

A condition that exists when maturation has advanced enough to allow the rapid acquisition of a particular skill