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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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People behind psychology |
Wilhelm Wundt: carefully measured observations and experiments Edward Titchener: structuralism William James: functualism Mary Whilton Calkins: memory research and first female APA president Margaret Floy Washburn: first female to receive Phd John B. Watson & B.F. Skinner: behaviorism Sigmund Freud: pschyoanalytic Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers: humanism |
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Nature Vs. Nurture |
nature: some traits come naturally because of natural selection (darwin, plato) nurture: mind is blank until filled with experience (locke, aristotle) |
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Psychology |
the science of behavior and mental processes |
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The Scientific Method |
process by which we test our ideas (identify hypothesis, gather data, analyze, rework hypothesis if failed) |
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Operational Definitions |
used to keep our bias from affecting our results, detailed and specific |
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Replication |
completing a research design again with a different sample or setting |
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Descriptive Research |
-case study: observing and gathering info on a single person -naturalistic: gathering data about behavior, no intervening -surveys and interviews: having people report on their own attitudes/behaviors -random sampling: used to make sure that every individual in a population has an equal chance -correlations: observation that two traits are related to each other, how closely two factors vary together -correlation coefficient: # the represents how close and in what way two variables are correlated (positive/negative) -Random Assignment: each individual should have the same chances of ending up in either group |
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Control Group |
group that is the same throughout, no variable |
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Experimental Group |
receiving manipulated variable |
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Placebo Effect |
caused by expectation of experiment placebo is an inactive substance |
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Blind Study |
control group has no idea what they're receiving |
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Double blind study |
researchers and participates don't know which group is being experimented on |
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independent variable |
being changed |
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dependent |
expect to change after experiment |
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confounding |
might have effect of dependent |
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Cell Body |
cells life support center |
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Dendrites |
receive messages from cells |
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Axon |
passes messages away from cell body |
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Myelin Sheath |
protects axon and speeds up message |
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Terminal Branches |
forms junctions with other cells |
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Neural Impulse |
electrical signal traveling down axon |
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Action Potential |
an impulse that travels down the axon like a wave |
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Threshold |
all or none response...when the threshold is reached, the action potential starts moving, if not reached it won't move |
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The Synapse |
junction between the axon tip and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron |
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Neurotransmitters |
different ones sending different messages from neuron to neuron |
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Reuptake |
recycling neurotransmitters...chemicals are taken back up into the sending neuron to be used again |
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Plasticity |
the brain's ability to change, especially during childhood, by reorganizing after damage or by building new pathways based on experience |
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Phones Gage |
Damaged frontal lobes changed him to be more irritable and unrestrained |
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Neurogenesis |
the formation of new neurons |
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Cerebellum |
processes sensory input, coordinates movement and enables nonverbal learning and memory |
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Limbic System |
neural system located below cerebral hemispheres, associated with emotions and drives |
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amygdala |
linked to emotion |
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hypothalamus |
directs eating, drinking, body temp. helps govern endocrine system and linked to emotion/reward |
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Developmental Psychology |
a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout a life span |
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Schema |
a concept or framework that organizes and interprets information mental container that holds experiences, ways we group images and concepts |
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Jean Piaget |
-we don't start out being able to think like adults -errors in cognition made by children in order to understand how they think differently than adults |
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Deprivation of Attachment |
kids without care taking may still bounce back and succeed. If kid experiences severe deprivation they may have difficulty getting attached, anxiety and depression, lower intelligence, increased aggresion |
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Parenting Styles |
Authoritarian: strict and controlling Permissive: submit to kids, no rules Authoritative: enforce rules but explain why, perfect balance |
