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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a possible definition of consciousness?
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A possible definition of consciousness is "the collection of things that we are aware of at any point while being awake, either internally or externally in the environment."
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How did William James view the idea of consciousness?
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James viewed consciousness as a self-directed entity that couldn't be broken down.
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How did Wilhelm Wundt view the idea of consciousness?
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Wundt viewed consciousness as something that could be scientifically studied in his laboratory.
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How did Sigmund Freud view the idea of consciousness?
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Freud believed consciousness has "bad" thoughts/motivations suppressed from it.
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How did John Watson view the idea of consciousness?
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Watson saw no value in studying consciousness.
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What is an altered state of consciousness? What are some ways of attaining such?
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An ASC can be defined as some kind of change in consciousness through sleep, meditation, hypnosis, or drugs.
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What are circadian rhythms defined as?
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Circadian rhythms are defined as a collection of bodily processes that fluctuate over a 24-hour period.
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What are some examples of circadian rhythms?
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Body temperature
Sleep/Wake cycles Being alert |
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What structure in the brain controls circadian rhythms?
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Suprachiasmatic Nucleus [SCN]
*aka - the biological clock* |
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What gland secretes melatonin? What does it do?
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The pineal gland.
Melatonin induces sleep. It's absence helps maintain wakefulness. |
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What were the theories of sleep mention in class? How does each view the purpose of sleep?
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-The Circadian Theory of Sleep/Evolution Theory: we evolved a mechanism (sleeping) for staying out of harm's way from nocturnal threats.
The Restorative Theory: we subject our bodies to everyday wear & tear whilst being awake; sleep allows for repairs to take place. |
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What are some differences between NREM & REM sleep?
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NREM sleep - absence of rapid eye movement, compromised of 4 stages (with 1 being the lightest & 4 being the deepest), 75-80% of sleep time is spent in NREM sleep.
REM sleep - voluntary muscle movements are paralyzed, referred to as "active sleep" |
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What is REM rebound?
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An increased amount of REM sleep that occurs after REM deprivation; often associated with nightmares/unpleasant dreams.
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How long does the average sleep cycle last?
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About 90 minutes are dedicated to each cycle.
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