Psychology Chapter 5

Front 1

Memory

Back 1

the process of taking in information, saving it over time, and calling it to mind later

Front 2

Information processing model

Back 2

a model of memory that involves the three steps of encoding, storage, and retrieval

Front 3

Encoding

Back 3

is entering information into memory

Front 4

Sensory memory

Back 4

the earliest part of the memory process, in which the senses take in and very briefly hold information

Front 5

Echoic memory

Back 5

auditory sensory memory, or all the information your ears took in during the past few seconds

Front 6

Iconic memory

Back 6

visual sensory memory, or all the information your eyes took in during the last fraction of a second

Front 7

Chunking

Back 7

grouping pieces of information together in a meaningful way to enhance memory

Front 8

Maintenance rehearsal

Back 8

information is repeated in exactly the same form it was originally encoded

Front 9

Elaborative rehearsal

Back 9

involves adding meaning or associations to information, which enhances memory

Front 10

Storage

Back 10

is retaining information in memory

Front 11

Short-term memory

Back 11

a limited amount of new information being held briefly until it is either discarded or kept long-term

Front 12

Long-term memory

Back 12

a seemingly limitless amount of information being held for extensive periods of time

Front 13

Working memory

Back 13

a type of memory in which processing, or work, is done on briefly held information

Front 14

Retrieval

Back 14

is pulling information out of memory

Front 15

Explicit memory

Back 15

is memory of which you are consciously aware

Front 16

Semantic memory

Back 16

is a type of explicit memory consisting of facts, figures, word meanings, and other general information

Front 17

Episodic memory

Back 17

is a type of explicit memory consisting of personal firsthand experiences

Front 18

Implicit memory

Back 18

is memory of which you are not consciously aware

Front 19

Procedural memory

Back 19

a type of implicit memory consisting of how to perform tasks that you do automatically

Front 20

Interference

Back 20

other information interferes with the memory of the target information

Front 21

Serial position effect

Back 21

the tendency to remember the first and last items in a series better than the items in the middle

Front 22

Primacy effect

Back 22

is the tendency to remember the first items in a series particularly well

Front 23

Recency effect

Back 23

is the tendency to remember the last items in a series particularly well

Front 24

Flashbulb memory

Back 24

a distinctively clear and vivid memory of an emotionally charged and novel event

Front 25

Spacing effect

Back 25

the tendency to have better long-term memory for information when your attempts to study it are spaced apart rather than crammed together

Front 26

Amnesia

Back 26

is the inability to remember some or all information, either temporarily or permanently

Front 27

Misinformation effect

Back 27

is the tendency of false or misleading information presented after the fact to become mistakenly incorporated into memory