Psychology Chapter 4 Human Development

Front 1

study by Konrad Lorenz

Back 1

research with goslings, imprinting, he believed in a biologically programmed attachment response

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Study by Harry Harlow

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He experimented with monkeys, he studied attachment and he found that contact comfort was important for bonding

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Imprinting

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after birth animal becomes attached to 1st moving thing

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Three phases of attachment (John Bowlby)

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pre-attachment phase, attachment in the making, and clear cut attachment

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Pre-attachment phase

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Birth to 3 months- no attachment , First smile is "social smile" a reflexive response

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clear cut attachment

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7 months to 2 1/2 years- intense attachment will occur, separation anxiety, stranger anxiety, primary care giver needs to be close

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Attachment in the making

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4 to 6 months- baby will show preference for primary care giver, baby loves being cuddled by anyone, baby smiles at all adults

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Stranger anxiety

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the child gets agitated when any unfamiliar person picks her up

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separation anxiety

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baby is about 7 to 8 months old and suddenly gets uncomfortable when you leave the room, signal of clear cut attachment

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Erik erikson (Autonomy vs Shame and doubt)

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Second stage (1-2 years) , Terrible Two's,

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Four attachment styles (Mary Ainsworth)

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Secure attachment, Insecure attachment, Avoidant attachment, and Anxious-ambivalent attachment

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Securely Attached

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child use their mother as a secure base, or anchor, to venture out to explore the toys, and the child seems thrilled when care giver arrives

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Insecurely attached

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they react in one of these three ways; avoidant, anxious-ambivalent, or disorganized. they deviate from the normal joyful response when they see the primary caregiver

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Avoidant attachment

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seem excessively detached; rarely show separation anxiety or much emotion when primary care giver returns

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Anxious-Ambivalent attachment

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they are clingy, nervous, too frightened to explore the toys, and they are terribly distressed by their mother's departure. inconsolable when parent returns

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Disorganized attachment

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they behave in a bizarre manner, freeze, run around erratically, or even look frightened when caregiver returns

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Three Different Temperaments for babies

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Easy babies, Slow to warm up, and difficult

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Socialization

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child starts to behave like an adult usually around age 2

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In Socialization if child is fearful and shy he will

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follow rules, not a discipline problem, help child to mingle

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Foster care study done in europe

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if child enters foster home by 20 months they will be fine. and if it enters at 24 months they will have emotional problems

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Securely attached babies tend to

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be more socially competent and popular, and is set up to succeed socially

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Insecure attachment foreshadows

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trouble with controlling one's emotions, interpersonal problems,

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Avoidant attachment babies will behave

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be aloof and uncaring with friends: may be unresponsive to teachers demands,

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anxious-ambivalent babies will behave

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in a needy way in her other love relationships

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disorganized type of insecure attachment babies will be

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show alot of, diffilculty controling one's behavior, aggression, disobedience

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temperament

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their characteristics, inborn behavior styles of approaching the world

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In sociolization if a child is energetic, joyful fearless

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avoid power struggle, use positive reinforecement, avoid harsh punishment, shows lots of love and abundance