Psychology Chapter 3

Front 1

Consciousness

Back 1

Our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Front 2

Cognitive Neuroscience

Back 2

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

Front 3

Dual Processing

Back 3

The principle that information is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks.

Front 4

Blindsight

Back 4

a condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it.

Front 5

Selective Attention

Back 5

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus

Front 6

Inattentional Blindness

Back 6

Falling to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

Front 7

Change Blindness

Back 7

Failing to notice changes in the environment

Front 8

Circadian Rhythm

Back 8

The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

Front 9

REM Sleep

Back 9

Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.

Front 10

Alpha Waves

Back 10

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Front 11

Sleep

Back 11

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness-asdistrinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.

Front 12

Hallucinations

Back 12

False sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

Front 13

Delta Waves

Back 13

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

Front 14

Insomnia

Back 14

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Front 15

Narcolepsy

Back 15

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

Front 16

Sleep Apnea

Back 16

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

Front 17

Night Terrors

Back 17

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during NREM-3 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, are are seldom remembered.

Front 18

Dream

Back 18

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and fro the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.

Front 19

Manifest Content

Back 19

According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream (as distinct from its latent, or hidden, content).

Front 20

Latent Content

Back 20

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (as a distinct from its manifest content).

Front 21

REM rebound

Back 21

The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).

Front 22

Hypnosis

Back 22

A social interaction in which one person (the hypnotist) suggests to another (the subject) that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviours will spontaneously occur.

Front 23

Posthypnotic Suggestion

Back 23

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviours.

Front 24

Dissociation

Back 24

A split in consciousness which allows some thoughts and behaviours to occur simultaneously with others

Front 25

Psychoactive Drug

Back 25

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods

Front 26

Tolerance

Back 26

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.

Front 27

Addiction

Back 27

Compulsive drug cravings and use, despite adverse consequences

Front 28

Withdrawal

Back 28

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

Front 29

Physical Dependence

Back 29

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

Front 30

Psychological Dependence

Back 30

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions.

Front 31

Depressants

Back 31

Drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

Front 32

Alcohol Dependence

Back 32

Alcohol use marked by tolerance, withdrawal if suspended, and a drive to continue to use

Front 33

Barbiturates

Back 33

Drugs that depress central nervous system activity, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

Front 34

Opiates

Back 34

Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine

Front 35

Stimulants

Back 35

Drugs (such as ceffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, Ecstasy, and methamphetamine) the excite neural activity and speed up body functions

Front 36

Amphetamines

Back 36

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

Front 37

Nicotine

Back 37

A stimulating and highly addictive psychoactive drug in tobacco.

Front 38

Methamphetamine

Back 38

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over times, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

Front 39

Ecstasy (MDMA)

Back 39

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin- producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

Front 40

Hallucinogens

Back 40

Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.

Front 41

LSD

Back 41

A powerful hallucinogenic drug, also known as acid

Front 42

Near-death Experience

Back 42

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

Front 43

THC

Back 43

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations