Psychology - Chapter 3

Front 1

the study of changes that occur as an individual matures

Back 1

Developmental Psychology

Front 2

_________ allows heredity potentials to emerge fully

Back 2

Nurturing

Front 3

important in determining the health of an infant

Back 3

Newborns’ Reflexes

Front 4

Newborns' reflexes are _________, _________, _________ ________ _______

Back 4

inherited, automatic, coordinated movement patterns

Front 5

Newborns' reflexes are triggered by the _____ _______

Back 5

right stimulus

Front 6

an unborn child does this to its thumb, even though it has never did this at its mother’s breast or had a bottle

Back 6

Sucking

Front 7

an infant’s clinging response to a touch on the palm of his or her hand

Back 7

Grasping

Front 8

an infant’s response in turning toward the source of touching that occurs anywhere around his or her mouth

Back 8

Rooting

Front 9

an infant lying on its back when _______ the arms will spread out at right angles to the body and grasp upwards, and the legs will spread outward

Back 9

startled

Front 10

the internally programmed growth of a child

Back 10

Maturation

Front 11

no amount of coaching will push a child to walk or speak before he/she is _______________ _____

Back 11

physiologically ready

Front 12

maturational plan inside each child is ______

Back 12

unique

Front 13

In physical development, most infants progress through the same __________ _____

Back 13

sequential steps

Front 14

By observing the ages at which infants do the following, psychologists have been able to develop an approximate timetable for __________

Back 14

maturation

Front 15

Newborns have mature __________ ______

Back 15

perception skills

Front 16

Prefer looking at _____ _____ and __________ ________ the most

Back 16

human faces and patterned materials

Front 17

Perceptual development is greatly benefited from the parent’s _____

Back 17

touch

Front 18

By 6 months, they have _____ __________

Back 18

depth perception

Front 19

________ and _______ are closely intertwined

Back 19

Language and thought

Front 20

Both involve using _______

Back 20

symbols

Front 21

Acquisition of language propels the child into further ____________ ____________

Back 21

intellectual development

Front 22

Steps of how Children Acquire Language:

Back 22

- 1st step: learn to make signs
-1 2nd step: learn the meaning of the signs
- 3rd step: learn grammar

Front 23

The type of speech used by young children in which words are left out but the meaning can still be understood

Back 23

Telegraphic Speech

Front 24

Studied the development of thought in children

Back 24

Jean Piaget

Front 25

Jean Piaget is a _____________ ____________ and __________

Back 25

Developmental Psychologist & Cognitivist

Front 26

Jean Piaget is considered by many to be the ________ _____ ____________ __ ___ ____ _______

Back 26

greatest child psychologist of the 20th century

Front 27

Jean Piaget provided foundation for _________ ______ ________

Back 27

education reform movement

Front 28

Piaget found that young children think in a different way than _____ ________ and ______

Back 28

older children and adults

Front 29

Cognitive Development involves __________ and ___________ _______

Back 29

quantitative and qualitative changes

Front 30

Growth in amount of information

Back 30

quantitative changes

Front 31

Differences in the manner of thinking

Back 31

qualitative changes

Front 32

conceptual frame work a person uses to make sense of the world

Back 32

Schemas

Front 33

We try to understand a new or different object or concept by using one of our ___________ _______

Back 33

preexisting schemas

Front 34

process of fitting objects and experiences into one’s schemas

Back 34

Assimilation

Front 35

adjustment of one’s schemas to include newly observed events and experiences

Back 35

Accommodation

Front 36

____________ and _____________ work together to produce intellectual growth

Back 36

Assimilation and accommodation

Front 37

A child’s realization that an object exists even when he or she cannot see or touch it

Back 37

Object Permanence

Front 38

An infant’s understanding of things lies totally in the ____ and ___

Back 38

here and now

Front 39

An infant does not _______ __ ______, _______ __, _____ __ __, _________ _, or even ______ __

Back 39

imagine an object, picture it, think of it, remember it, or even forget it

Front 40

This pattern begins to change at _-__ ______

Back 40

7 – 12 months

Front 41

big step in the ______ ____ __ ____

Back 41

second year of life

Front 42

The intellectual ability of a child to picture something in his or her mind

Back 42

Representational Thought

Front 43

This means the child is using _______

Back 43

symbols

Front 44

Soon the child will use a more complex system of symbols – ______ ________

Back 44

spoken language

Front 45

The principle that a given quantity does not change when its appearance is changed

Back 45

Conservation

Front 46

Develops between the ages of _ and _

Back 46

5 and 7

Front 47

Below age _, children cannot think about height and width at the same time

Back 47

5

Front 48

A young child’s inability to understand another person’s perspective

Back 48

Egocentric

Front 49

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development:

Back 49

• Sensorimotor
• Preoperational
• Concrete operations
• Formal operations

Front 50

a deep, caring, close, and enduring emotional bond between an infant and caregiver

Back 50

Attachment

Front 51

Infants begin to form an attachment to their mothers at about _ ______ __ ___

Back 51

6 months of age

Front 52

This attachment is especially strong between _ ______ and _ _____

Back 52

6 months and 3 years

Front 53

__________ can be disturbing to the infant

Back 53

Disruption

Front 54

Infants who demonstrate ______ __________ balance the need to explore and the need to be close

Back 54

secure attachment

Front 55

Mothers who are sensitive and responsive tend to have ________ ________ _______

Back 55

securely attached infants

Front 56

Anxiety a young child displays when they encounter a stranger even when the mother is present

Back 56

Stranger Anxiety

Front 57

Occurs when a young child is suddenly separated from the mother. If it persists, the child may develop psychological disorders

Back 57

Separation Anxiety

Front 58

Studied the relationship between mother and child in the rhesus monkey

Back 58

Harry Harlow